{"id":1097,"date":"2021-07-04T09:23:22","date_gmt":"2021-07-04T09:23:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/legalblog.ie\/?p=1097"},"modified":"2024-03-19T07:51:14","modified_gmt":"2024-03-19T07:51:14","slug":"kidnapping-and-abduction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/kidnapping-and-abduction\/","title":{"rendered":"Kidnapping &#038; Abduction"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_63 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/kidnapping-and-abduction\/#False_imprisonment\" title=\"False imprisonment\">False imprisonment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/kidnapping-and-abduction\/#Removal_by_Parent\" title=\"Removal by Parent\">Removal by Parent<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/kidnapping-and-abduction\/#Child_Abduction_by_Others\" title=\"Child Abduction by Others\">Child Abduction by Others<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/kidnapping-and-abduction\/2\/#NON-FATAL_OFFENCES_AGAINST_THE_PERSON_ACT_1997\" title=\"NON-FATAL OFFENCES AGAINST THE PERSON ACT 1997\">NON-FATAL OFFENCES AGAINST THE PERSON ACT 1997<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/kidnapping-and-abduction\/2\/#False_imprisonment-2\" title=\"False imprisonment.\">False imprisonment.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/kidnapping-and-abduction\/2\/#Abduction_of_child_by_parent_etc\" title=\"Abduction of child by parent, etc.\">Abduction of child by parent, etc.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/kidnapping-and-abduction\/2\/#Abduction_of_child_by_other_persons\" title=\"Abduction of child by other persons.\">Abduction of child by other persons.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"False_imprisonment\"><\/span>False imprisonment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A person is guilty of the offence or false imprisonment if he intentionally or recklessly takes or detains or causes to be taken or detained or otherwise restricts the personal liberty of another, without his consent.\u00a0\u00a0This offence covers kidnapping and false imprisonment. It replaced the common law offence of kidnapping.<\/p>\n<p>Consent must be freely given as in the case of assault. See generally the chapter on consent and defences to assault.<\/p>\n<p>The offence is analogous to the civil wrong of false imprisonment.\u00a0 It is constituted by the restraint of the personal liberty of a person by imprisoning him or compelling him to go or stay in a particular place or detaining him against his will.\u00a0 The person must be restricted in all directions.<\/p>\n<p>A person may commit false imprisonment by way of wrongful arrest. \u00a0An arrest may cease to be lawful if the arrested person is no longer held. \u00a0This may become evident by reason of the absence of reasonable grounds suspicion or on account of new information.<\/p>\n<p>A person is deemed to act without the victim&#8217;s consent if he obtains the victim&#8217;s consent by force threat of force or deception or believing he is under a legal compulsion to consent.<\/p>\n<p>The penalty on conviction summarily is fine up to \u20ac1,905 and\/or 12 months of imprisonment or on conviction on indictment or imprisonment for life<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Removal_by_Parent\"><\/span>Removal by Parent<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>There are special offences of child abduction. A person shall be guilty of an offence, who takes, sends or keeps a child under the age of 16 years out of the State or causes a child under that age to be so taken, sent or kept in defiance of a court order, or) without the consent of each person who is a parent, or guardian or person to whom custody of the child has been granted by a court unless the consent of a court was obtained.<\/p>\n<p>This offence applies to a parent, guardian or a person to whom custody of the child has been granted by a court but does not apply to a parent who is not a guardian of the child. It is a defence to a charge that the defendant has been unable to communicate with the relevant persons having lawful control of the child but believes they would consent if they were aware of the relevant circumstances, or did not intend to deprive others having rights of guardianship or custody in relation to the child of those rights.<\/p>\n<p>A person guilty of this offence is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding \u20ac1,905 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both or on conviction on indictment to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 7 years or to both.<\/p>\n<p>Any proceedings for this offence shall not be instituted except by or with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Child_Abduction_by_Others\"><\/span>Child Abduction by Others<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A person,\u00a0 other than a parent, Gardal or a person in whose lawful custody a child is placed, shall be guilty of an offence who, without lawful authority or reasonable excuse, intentionally takes or detains a child under the age of 16 years or causes a child under that age to be so taken or detained so as to remove the child from the lawful control of any person having lawful control of the child; or so as to keep him or her out of the lawful control of any person entitled to lawful control of the child.<\/p>\n<p>It is a defence to a charge under this section that the defendant believed that the child had attained the age of 16 years.<\/p>\n<p>A person guilty of this offence is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding \u20ac1,905 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both or on conviction on indictment to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 7 years or to both.<\/p>\n<p><!--nextpage--><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>NON-FATAL OFFENCES AGAINST THE PERSON ACT 1997<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Annotations:<\/p>\n<p>Editorial Notes:<\/p>\n<p>E18<br \/>\nOffence under section deemed to be a serious offence for purposes of Communications (Retention of Data) Act 2011 (26.01.2011) by Communications (Retention of Data) Act 2011 (3\/2011), s. 1 and sch. 1 para. 3, commenced on enactment.<\/p>\n<p>E19<br \/>\nA fine of \u00a31,500 converted (1.01.1999) to \u20ac1,904.61. This translates into a class C fine not greater than \u20ac2,500 as provided (4.01.2011) by Fines Act 2010 (8\/2010), ss. 3, 6(2) and table ref. no. 1, S.I. No. 662 of 2010.<\/p>\n<h4>False imprisonment.<\/h4>\n<p>15.\u2014(1) A person shall be guilty of the offence of false imprisonment who intentionally or recklessly\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) takes or detains, or<\/p>\n<p>(b) causes to be taken or detained, or<\/p>\n<p>(c) otherwise restricts the personal liberty of,<\/p>\n<p>another without that other&#8217;s consent.<\/p>\n<p>(2) For the purposes of this section, a person acts without the consent of another if the person obtains the other&#8217;s consent by force or threat of force, or by deception causing the other to believe that he or she is under legal compulsion to consent.<\/p>\n<p>(3) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding \u00a31,500 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both, or<\/p>\n<p>(b) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for life.<\/p>\n<p>Annotations:<\/p>\n<p>Editorial Notes:<\/p>\n<p>E22<br \/>\nA fine of \u00a31,500 converted (1.01.1999) to \u20ac1,904.61. This translates into a class C fine not greater than \u20ac2,500 as provided (4.01.2011) by Fines Act 2010 (8\/2010), ss. 3, 6(2) and table ref. no. 1, S.I. No. 662 of 2010.<\/p>\n<p>E23<br \/>\nOffence under section listed as offence for the purposes of Criminal Justice Act 2007, Part 3 (18.05.2007) by Criminal Justice Act 2007 (29\/2007), ss. 25, 26 and sch. 2 para. 2(c), S.I. No. 236 of 2007.<\/p>\n<p>E24<br \/>\nGarda\u00ed have powers of detention in relation to an offence under section involving the use of a firearm as provided (18.05.2007) by Criminal Justice Act 2007 (29\/2007), s. 50(1)(d), S.I. No. 236 of 2007.<\/p>\n<h4>Abduction of child by parent, etc.<\/h4>\n<p>16.\u2014(1) A person to whom this section applies shall be guilty of an offence, who takes, sends or keeps a child under the age of 16 years out of the State or causes a child under that age to be so taken, sent or kept\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) in defiance of a court order, or<\/p>\n<p>(b) without the consent of each person who is a parent, or guardian or person to whom custody of the child has been granted by a court unless the consent of a court was obtained.<\/p>\n<p>(2) This section applies to a parent, guardian or a person to whom custody of the child has been granted by a court but does not apply to a parent who is not a guardian of the child.<\/p>\n<p>(3) It shall be a defence to a charge under this section that the defendant\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) has been unable to communicate with the persons referred to in subsection (1) (b) but believes they would consent if they were aware of the relevant circumstances; or<\/p>\n<p>(b) did not intend to deprive others having rights of guardianship or custody in relation to the child of those rights.<\/p>\n<p>(4) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding \u00a31,500 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both, or<\/p>\n<p>(b) on conviction on indictment to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 7 years or to both.<\/p>\n<p>(5) Any proceedings under this section shall not be instituted except by or with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions.<\/p>\n<p>Annotations:<\/p>\n<p>Editorial Notes:<\/p>\n<p>E25<br \/>\nA fine of \u00a31,500 converted (1.01.1999) to \u20ac1,904.61. This translates into a class C fine not greater than \u20ac2,500 as provided (4.01.2011) by Fines Act 2010 (8\/2010), ss. 3, 6(2) and table ref. no. 1, S.I. No. 662 of 2010.<\/p>\n<h4>Abduction of child by other persons.<\/h4>\n<p>17.\u2014(1) A person, other than a person to whom section 16 applies, shall be guilty of an offence who, without lawful authority or reasonable excuse, intentionally takes or detains a child under the age of 16 years or causes a child under that age to be so taken or detained\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) so as to remove the child from the lawful control of any person having lawful control of the child; or<\/p>\n<p>(b) so as to keep him or her out of the lawful control of any person entitled to lawful control of the child.<\/p>\n<p>(2) It shall be a defence to a charge under this section that the defendant believed that the child had attained the age of 16 years.<\/p>\n<p>(3) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding \u00a31,500 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both, or<\/p>\n<p>(b) on conviction on indictment to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 7 years or to both.<\/p>\n<p>Annotations:<\/p>\n<p>Editorial Notes:<\/p>\n<p>E26<br \/>\nA fine of \u00a31,500 converted (1.01.1999) to \u20ac1,904.61. This translates into a class C fine not greater than \u20ac2,500 as provided (4.01.2011) by Fines Act 2010 (8\/2010), ss. 3, 6(2) and table ref. no. 1, S.I. No. 662 of 2010.<\/p>\n<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-1097\" data-postid=\"1097\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-1097 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n    <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>False imprisonment A person is guilty of the offence or false imprisonment if he intentionally or recklessly takes or detains or causes to be taken or detained or otherwise restricts the personal liberty of another, without his consent.\u00a0\u00a0This offence covers kidnapping and false imprisonment. It replaced the common law offence of kidnapping. Consent must be [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1097"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1097"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1097\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33501,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1097\/revisions\/33501"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}