{"id":1183,"date":"2021-07-07T21:51:53","date_gmt":"2021-07-07T21:51:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/legalblog.ie\/?p=1183"},"modified":"2024-03-17T21:12:51","modified_gmt":"2024-03-17T21:12:51","slug":"sexual-exploitation-pre-2017","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/","title":{"rendered":"Sexual Exploitation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_63 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/#Sexual_Exploitation\" title=\"Sexual Exploitation\">Sexual Exploitation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/#Trafficking\" title=\"Trafficking\">Trafficking<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/#Soliciting_for_Prostitution\" title=\"Soliciting for Prostitution\">Soliciting for Prostitution<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/#International_Scope\" title=\"International Scope\">International Scope<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/#Exploiting_Children\" title=\"Exploiting Children\">Exploiting Children<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/#Child_Pornography\" title=\"Child Pornography\">Child Pornography<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/#Related_Offences\" title=\"Related Offences\">Related Offences<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/2\/#CRIMINAL_LAW_HUMAN_TRAFFICKING_ACT_2008\" title=\"CRIMINAL LAW (HUMAN TRAFFICKING) ACT 2008\">CRIMINAL LAW (HUMAN TRAFFICKING) ACT 2008<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/2\/#Interpretation\" title=\"Interpretation.\">Interpretation.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/2\/#Trafficking_etc_of_children\" title=\"Trafficking, etc., of children.\">Trafficking, etc., of children.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/2\/#Trafficking_taking_etc_of_child_for_purpose_of_sexual_exploitation\" title=\"Trafficking, taking, etc., of child for purpose of sexual exploitation.\">Trafficking, taking, etc., of child for purpose of sexual exploitation.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/2\/#Trafficking_of_persons_other_than_children\" title=\"Trafficking of persons other than children.\">Trafficking of persons other than children.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/2\/#Aggravating_factor_offences_under_section_2_or_4_committed_by_public_official_during_performance_of_duties\" title=\"Aggravating factor: offences under section 2 or 4 committed by public official during performance of duties.\">Aggravating factor: offences under section 2 or 4 committed by public official during performance of duties.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/2\/#Soliciting_or_importuning_for_purposes_of_prostitution_of_trafficked_person\" title=\"Soliciting or importuning for purposes of prostitution of trafficked person.\">Soliciting or importuning for purposes of prostitution of trafficked person.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/2\/#Offences_by_bodies_corporate\" title=\"Offences by bodies corporate.\">Offences by bodies corporate.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/2\/#Jurisdiction\" title=\"Jurisdiction.\">Jurisdiction.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/2\/#Proceedings_relating_to_offences_committed_outside_State\" title=\"Proceedings relating to offences committed outside State.\">Proceedings relating to offences committed outside State.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/2\/#Double_jeopardy\" title=\"Double jeopardy.\">Double jeopardy.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/2\/#Exclusion_of_members_of_public_from_proceedings\" title=\"Exclusion of members of public from proceedings.\">Exclusion of members of public from proceedings.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/2\/#Anonymity_of_victims_of_trafficking\" title=\"Anonymity of victims of trafficking.\">Anonymity of victims of trafficking.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/2\/#Amendment_of_Criminal_Evidence_Act_1992\" title=\"Amendment of Criminal Evidence Act 1992.\">Amendment of Criminal Evidence Act 1992.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/2\/#Amendment_of_Act_of_2001\" title=\"Amendment of Act of 2001.\">Amendment of Act of 2001.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/2\/#Amendment_of_Bail_Act_1997\" title=\"Amendment of Bail Act 1997.\">Amendment of Bail Act 1997.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/sexual-exploitation-pre-2017\/2\/#Short_title_and_commencement\" title=\"Short title and commencement.\">Short title and commencement.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sexual_Exploitation\"><\/span>Sexual Exploitation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>There are a number of modern offences concerned with the trafficking of persons for the purpose of exploitation, which derives from Conventions.\u00a0 Sexual exploitation includes<\/p>\n<p>production of pornography, causing a person to engage in sexual activity for the purpose of production of pornography,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>prostitution of a person,<\/li>\n<li>committing an offence under the Sexual Offences Act or<\/li>\n<li>causing a person to engage in any sexual, indecent or obscene act.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Labour exploitation means subjecting a person to forced labour or forcing him to render services to another or enslavement of the person or subjecting him to servitude or a similar condition or state.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trafficking\"><\/span>Trafficking<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Trafficking means<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>procuring, recruiting, transporting or harbouring a person or transferring a person to a place or the custody or charge of another,<\/li>\n<li>causing a \u00a0person to enter or leave the State or travel within the \u00a0State or<\/li>\n<li>takes custody of a person or provides accommodation or exploitation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is an offence to traffic a child for the purpose of exploitation of the child.\u00a0 A person who sells a child, offers or exposes a child for sale or invites persons to make an offer to purchase a child, is guilty of an offence.\u00a0 An attempt to do so is an offence.\u00a0 The offence is subject to punishment of imprisonment up to life or an unlimited fine.<\/p>\n<p>It is an offence to traffic a person other than a child for the purpose of exploitation, whether labour exploitation, sexual exploitation or exploitation consisting of the removal of organs.\u00a0 The offence is committed if the person \u00a0for the purpose of trafficking,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>coerces, threatens, abducts or otherwise uses force to seize or commit fraud against a trafficked person,<\/li>\n<li>abuses her authority or takes advantage of the vulnerability of the person to such extent as to cause the trafficked person no real or acceptable alternative, but to submit<\/li>\n<li>to coerce, threaten or otherwise use force against the person in whose care or charge or under whose control the trafficked person is, in order to compel that person to permit traffic or to traffic him or<\/li>\n<li>to make a payment or confer any right, interest or benefits on any person under whose care or charge or under whose control the trafficked person was and exchange with that person permitting the trafficked person to be trafficked.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is not a defence to show the person consented to the commission of the act.<\/p>\n<p>It is an offence to sell another person or expose them or offer them for sale.\u00a0 A person guilty of the offence is liable on conviction on indictment to imprisonment for up to life and\/or an unlimited fine.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Soliciting_for_Prostitution\"><\/span>Soliciting for Prostitution<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>It is an offence for the purpose of prostitution of a trafficked person, to solicit or importune another person including the trafficked person.\u00a0 A person other than the trafficked person who accepts or agrees to accept payment or benefit for the purpose is guilty of an offence.\u00a0 The offence is subject on conviction on indictment to imprisonment up to 5 years or on summarily up to \u20ac5,000 euro or up to 12 months. Imprisonment.<\/p>\n<p>It is a defence to show that person did not know and had no reasonable grounds for believing that the person in respect of whom the offence was committed was a trafficked person.<\/p>\n<p>In the case of action by a company, directors, managers, secretaries, officers, et cetera are guilty if the offence is committed with their connivance or consent or is attributable to their neglect.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"International_Scope\"><\/span>International Scope<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Irish courts may try offences under the Human Trafficking legislation where there is any connection with the State.\u00a0 The actual offences need not be committed in the State. Where the act relates to an Irish citizen and the act is committed other than in the State, it may be tried in the State. Similarly, conspiring or inciting in the State with another person to do an act outside the State which is an offence under the legislation is itself punishable.<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, it is an offence if an Irish citizen or person ordinarily resident in the State conspires with, or incites, in a place other than the State, another person to do an act other than in the State which would be an offence under the legislation.\u00a0 This is triable and punishable in Ireland.<\/p>\n<p>There are provisions for the exclusion of the public from proceedings in prosecutions under the legislation.\u00a0 There are also provisions to protect the anonymity of the victims of trafficking.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exploiting_Children\"><\/span>Exploiting Children<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>See separately the sections on child trafficking and pornography offences.\u00a0 A person who sexually exploits a child or detains or restricts his liberty for the purpose of sexual exploitation is guilty of an offence, subject to punishment up to life imprisonment and to an unlimited fine.<\/p>\n<p>A person in the State who intentionally meets or travels with the intention of meeting a child having met or communicated with that child on two or more previous occasions and does so for the purpose of doing anything that would constitute sexual exploitation is guilty of an offence.\u00a0 It is subject to punishment and imprisonment up to 14 years.<\/p>\n<p>A person who is a citizen of the State or ordinarily resident, who intentionally meets or travels outside the State with the intention of meeting a child, having communicated on two or more previous occasions and does so for the purpose of anything which would constitute sexual exploitation is guilty of an offence.\u00a0 It is punishable by imprisonment up to 14 years.<\/p>\n<p>A person who causes another to commit any of the above offences is himself guilty of an offence liable to imprisonment for life or an unlimited fine.\u00a0 An attempt is similarly punishable.<\/p>\n<p>In this context, a child is a person under 18 years of age.\u00a0 Sexual exploitation has the same meaning as above.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Child_Pornography\"><\/span>Child Pornography<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A person who is in custody charge or care of a child who allows that child to be used for child pornography is guilty of an offence liable to a fine of up to \u20ac31,743 or imprisonment up to 14 years.<\/p>\n<p>Child pornography is any video, audio or combination of representation of a child or depicting a child engaged in an explicit sexual activity or which relates to a person who is depicted as being a child or is depicted as witnessing any such activity or whose dominant characteristic is the depiction for a sexual purpose of the genital and anal region of the child.<\/p>\n<p>Child pornography also includes<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>an audio representation of a person who is represented as being a child and who is engaged in or represented as being engaged in explicit sexual activity,<\/li>\n<li>any visual\/audio representation that advocates encourages or counsels any sexual activity with children or<\/li>\n<li>any visual representation, description of information related to a child that implies that child is available to be used for the purpose of sexual exploitation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The above definition applies irrespective of how, and through what medium the representation, description and information have been produced, transmitted or conveyed.\u00a0 It includes computer graphic, books and other reproduced images. It does not include books or films or videos which have been certified under the censorship legislation.<\/p>\n<p>A parent or guardian of a child or person who liable to maintain him is deemed to have custody of the child notwithstanding that he has deserted or abandon the child.\u00a0 A person into whose charge, a child is committed, is presumed to have charge of the child. A person exercising control or having authority over a child is presumed to have care of the child.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Related_Offences\"><\/span>Related Offences<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>It is an offence to<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>knowingly produce, distribute, print or publish any child pornography.<\/li>\n<li>knowingly export\/import, sell or show child pornography,<\/li>\n<li>knowingly publish or distribute an advertisement likely to be understood as conveying that the advertiser or other person produces,\u00a0 imports, sells or shows child pornography<\/li>\n<li>encourages knowingly causes or facilitates any of the above activities.<\/li>\n<li>knowingly possesses child pornography for the purpose of distribution, exportation, selling or showing it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The offence is subject to conviction of a summary offence, 12 months, \u20ac1,905 or on conviction on indictment subject to up to 14 years imprisonment or an unlimited fine.<\/p>\n<p>It is an offence for any person knowingly to possess child pornography.\u00a0 It is subject on summary conviction to imprisonment up to 12 months or a fine of up to \u00a0\u20ac1,500 pounds, and on conviction on indictment to up to five years imprisonment or a fine of, \u20ac6,235.<\/p>\n<p>The Gardai have extensive powers of search, entry, seizure, and forfeiture.<\/p>\n<p><!--nextpage--><\/p>\n<h2>CRIMINAL LAW (HUMAN TRAFFICKING) ACT 2008<\/h2>\n<p>REVISED<\/p>\n<p>Updated to 22 December 2022<\/p>\n<p>AN ACT TO GIVE EFFECT TO COUNCIL FRAMEWORK DECISION OF 19 JULY 2002 ON COMBATING TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS; TO GIVE EFFECT, IN PART, TO THE UNITED NATIONS PROTOCOL TO PREVENT, SUPPRESS AND PUNISH TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS, ESPECIALLY WOMEN AND CHILDREN, SUPPLEMENTING THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL ORGANISED CRIME, DONE AT NEW YORK ON 15 NOVEMBER 2000, AND THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTION ON ACTION AGAINST TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS DONE AT WARSAW ON 16 MAY 2005; FOR THOSE PURPOSES TO AMEND CERTAIN ENACTMENTS; TO AMEND SECTION 3 OF THE SEX OFFENDERS ACT 2001; AND TO PROVIDE FOR MATTERS CONNECTED THEREWITH.<\/p>\n<p>[7th May, 2008]<\/p>\n<p>BE IT ENACTED BY THE OIREACHTAS AS FOLLOWS:<\/p>\n<p>E1<br \/>\nOffence under Act, committed for purposes of sexual exploitation of a person, designated a sexual offence for purposes of Criminal Justice (Spent Convictions and Certain Disclosures) Act 2016, part 2 (29.04.2016) by Criminal Justice (Spent Convictions and Certain Disclosures) Act 2016 (4\/2016), s. 4 and sch. 1, S.I. No. 215 of 2016.<\/p>\n<p>E2<br \/>\nOffence under Act, relating to a child trafficked for purposes of his or her sexual exploitation, designated sexual abuse for purposes of Children First Act 2015 (11.12.2015) by Children First Act 2015 (36\/2015), s. 2 and sch. 3 para. 11, S.I. No. 555 of 2015.<\/p>\n<p>E3<br \/>\nObligation imposed on an applicant for, or the holder of, an authorisation (as a commercial vehicle roadworthiness test operator under Road Safety Authority (Commercial Vehicle Roadworthiness) Act 2012 (16\/2012), s. 9 or 10, or as a commercial vehicle roadworthiness tester under Road Safety Authority (Commercial Vehicle Roadworthiness) Act 2012 (16\/2012), s. 17) or in the case of an authorisation applied for or held by a company, each director and the secretary of that company, to notify the Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport in writing if he or she is, or has been, convicted of an offence under Act (27.03.2013) by Road Safety Authority (Commercial Vehicle Roadworthiness) Act 2012 (16\/2012), s. 12, S.I. No. 105 of 2013.<\/p>\n<p>E4<br \/>\nNotification requirements in respect of convictions for offences committed by certain persons under Act prescribed (2.12.2011) by Road Transport Act 2011(31\/2011), ss. 2 and 3, commenced on enactment.<\/p>\n<h4>Interpretation.<\/h4>\n<p>1.\u2014 In this Act\u2014<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAct of 1998\u201d means the Child Trafficking and Pornography Act 1998;<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAct of 2001\u201d means the Sex Offenders Act 2001;<\/p>\n<p>\u201cchild\u201d means a person under the age of 18 years;<\/p>\n<p>F1[ \u2018exploitation\u2019 means\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) labour exploitation,<\/p>\n<p>(b) sexual exploitation,<\/p>\n<p>(c) exploitation consisting of the removal of one or more of the organs of a person, or<\/p>\n<p>(d) exploitation consisting of forcing a person to engage in\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(i) an activity that constitutes an offence and that is engaged in for financial gain or that by implication is engaged in for financial gain, or<\/p>\n<p>(ii) an activity in a place other than the State that\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(I) constitutes an offence under the law of that place and would, if done in the State, constitute an offence, and<\/p>\n<p>(II) is engaged in for financial gain or that by implication is engaged in for financial gain; ]<\/p>\n<p>F2[ \u2018labour exploitation\u2019 means, in relation to a person (including a child)\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) subjecting the person to forced labour (including forcing him or her to beg),<\/p>\n<p>(b) forcing the person to render services to another person, or<\/p>\n<p>(c) enslavement of the person or subjecting him or her to servitude or a similar condition or state; ]<\/p>\n<p>\u201csexual exploitation\u201d means, in relation to a person\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) the production of pornography depicting the person either alone or with others,<\/p>\n<p>(b) causing the person to engage in sexual activity for the purpose of the production of pornography,<\/p>\n<p>(c) the prostitution of the person,<\/p>\n<p>(d) the commission of an offence specified in the Schedule to the Act of 2001 against the person; causing another person to commit such an offence against the person; or causing the person to commit such an offence against another person, or<\/p>\n<p>(e) otherwise causing the person to engage or participate in any sexual, indecent or obscene act;<\/p>\n<p>\u201ctrafficks\u201d means, in relation to a person (including a child)\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) procures, recruits, transports or harbours the person, or<\/p>\n<p>(i) transfers the person to,<\/p>\n<p>(ii) places the person in the custody, care or charge, or under the control, of, or<\/p>\n<p>(iii) otherwise delivers the person to,<\/p>\n<p>another person,<\/p>\n<p>(b) causes a person to enter or leave the State or to travel within the State,<\/p>\n<p>(c) takes custody of a person or takes a person\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(i) into one\u2019s care or charge, or<\/p>\n<p>(ii) under one\u2019s control,<\/p>\n<p>or<\/p>\n<p>(d) provides the person with accommodation or employment.<\/p>\n<p>F3[ \u2018beg\u2019 has the same meaning as it has in section 1(2) of the Criminal Justice (Public Order) Act 2011;<\/p>\n<p>\u2018forced labour\u2019 means a work or service which is exacted from a person under the menace of any penalty and for which the person has not offered himself or herself voluntarily, but shall not include any of the following:<\/p>\n<p>(a) a work or service exacted by virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character;<\/p>\n<p>(b) a work or service which forms part of the normal civic obligations of the citizens of a fully self-governing country;<\/p>\n<p>(c) a work or service exacted from a person as a consequence of a conviction in a court of law if\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(i) the work or service is carried out under the supervision and control of a public authority, and<\/p>\n<p>(ii) the person is not hired to, or placed at the disposal of, a person who is not a public authority;<\/p>\n<p>(d) a work or service exacted in a case of an emergency that endangers or that may endanger the existence or the well-being of the whole or part of the population, including war, fire, flood, famine, earthquake, violent epidemic or epizootic diseases or invasion by animal, insect or vegetable pests;<\/p>\n<p>(e) a minor communal service of a kind which, being performed by the members of the community in the direct interest of the community, can be considered as a normal civic obligation incumbent upon the members of the community, and where the members of the community, or their direct representatives, have the right to be consulted in regard to the need for that service; ]<\/p>\n<p>Annotations<\/p>\n<p>Amendments:<\/p>\n<p>F1<br \/>\nSubstituted (9.08.2013) by Criminal Law (Human Trafficking) (Amendment) Act 2013 (24\/2013), s. 1(a), commenced as per s. 5(2).<\/p>\n<p>F2<br \/>\nSubstituted (9.08.2013) by Criminal Law (Human Trafficking) (Amendment) Act 2013 (24\/2013), s. 1(b), commenced as per s. 5(2).<\/p>\n<p>F3<br \/>\nInserted (9.08.2013) by Criminal Law (Human Trafficking) (Amendment) Act 2013 (24\/2013), s. 1(c), commenced as per s. 5(2).<\/p>\n<h4>Trafficking, etc., of children.<\/h4>\n<p>2.\u2014 (1) A person who trafficks a child for the purposes of the exploitation of the child shall be guilty of an offence.<\/p>\n<p>(2) A person who\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) sells a child, offers or exposes a child for sale or invites the making of an offer to purchase a child, or<\/p>\n<p>(b) purchases or makes an offer to purchase a child,<\/p>\n<p>shall be guilty of an offence.<\/p>\n<p>(3) A person who causes an offence under subsection (1) or (2) to be committed shall be guilty of an offence.<\/p>\n<p>(4) A person who attempts to commit an offence under subsection (1), (2) or (3) shall be guilty of an offence.<\/p>\n<p>(5) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable upon conviction on indictment\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) to imprisonment for life or a lesser term, and<\/p>\n<p>(b) at the discretion of the court, to a fine.<\/p>\n<p>(6) In this section \u201cexploitation\u201d does not include sexual exploitation.<\/p>\n<p>Annotations<\/p>\n<p>Editorial Notes:<\/p>\n<p>E5<br \/>\nOffence under section included in definition of \u201cspecified offence\u201d for purposes of Taxi Regulation Act 2013 (37\/2013) (1.04.2014) by Taxi Regulation Act 2013 (37\/2013), s. 30 and sch., S.I. No. 163 of 2014, art. 2.<\/p>\n<p>E6<br \/>\nVideo recordings of statements made by certain persons in interview with members of An Garda S\u00edoch\u00e1na in relation to an offence under section deemed admissible by Criminal Evidence Act 1992 (12\/1992), s. 16(1), as amended (9.08.2013) by Criminal Law (Human Trafficking) (Amendment) Act 2013 (24\/2013), s. 4(b), commenced as per s. 5(2), and as amended by Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act 2017 (2\/2017), s. 37, not commenced as of date of revision.<\/p>\n<p>E7<br \/>\nOffence under section included in Criminal Justice (Withholding of Information on Offences against Children and Vulnerable Persons) Act 2012 (24\/2012), sch. 1 (offences against children for purposes of offence under s. 2) (1.08.2012) by Criminal Justice (Withholding of Information on Offences against Children and Vulnerable Persons) Act 2012 (24\/2012), s. 2 and sch. 1 part 1 item 16, S.I. No. 281 of 2012.<\/p>\n<p>E8<br \/>\nObligation imposed on Legal Aid Board to grant legal advice to a person who is an alleged victim of an offence under section by Civil Legal Aid Act 1995 (32\/1995), s. 26(3B), as inserted (2.08.2011) by Civil Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2011 (23\/2011), s. 3(a), commenced on enactment.<\/p>\n<p>E9<br \/>\nOffences under section designated as relevant offences for purposes of retrial and double jeopardy procedure (1.09.2010) by Criminal Procedure Act 2010 (27\/2010), ss. 7-18 and sch., S.I. No. 414 of 2010.<\/p>\n<h3>Trafficking, taking, etc., of child for purpose of sexual exploitation.<\/h3>\n<p>3.\u2014 Section 3 (amended by section 6 of the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) (Amendment) Act 2007) of the Act of 1998 is amended by\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) the substitution of the following subsections for subsections (1) and (2):<\/p>\n<p>\u201c(1) A person who trafficks a child for the purposes of the sexual exploitation of the child shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable upon conviction on indictment\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) to imprisonment for life or a lesser term, and<\/p>\n<p>(b) at the discretion of the court, to a fine.<\/p>\n<p>(2) A person who\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) sexually exploits a child, or<\/p>\n<p>(b) takes, detains, or restricts the personal liberty of, a child for the purpose of his or her sexual exploitation,<\/p>\n<p>shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable upon conviction on indictment\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(i) to imprisonment for life or a lesser term, and<\/p>\n<p>(ii) at the discretion of the court, to a fine.\u201d,<\/p>\n<p>and<\/p>\n<p>(b) the substitution of the following subsections for subsection (3):<\/p>\n<p>\u201c(3) A person who causes another person to commit an offence under subsection (1) or (2) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable upon conviction on indictment\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) to imprisonment for life or a lesser term, and<\/p>\n<p>(b) at the discretion of the court, to a fine.<\/p>\n<p>(4) A person who attempts to commit an offence under subsection (1), (2) or (3) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable upon conviction on indictment\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) to imprisonment for life or a lesser term, and<\/p>\n<p>(b) at the discretion of the court, to a fine.<\/p>\n<p>(5) In this section\u2014<\/p>\n<p>\u2018child\u2019 means a person under the age of 18 years;<\/p>\n<p>\u2018sexual exploitation\u2019 means, in relation to a child\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) inviting, inducing or coercing the child to engage in prostitution or the production of child pornography,<\/p>\n<p>(b) the prostitution of the child or the use of the child for the production of child pornography,<\/p>\n<p>(c) the commission of an offence specified in the Schedule to the Sex Offenders Act 2001 against the child; causing another person to commit such an offence against the child; or inviting, inducing or coercing the child to commit such an offence against another person,<\/p>\n<p>(d) inviting, inducing or coercing the child to engage or participate in any sexual, indecent or obscene act, or<\/p>\n<p>(e) inviting, inducing or coercing the child to observe any sexual, indecent or obscene act, for the purpose of corrupting or depraving the child,<\/p>\n<p>and \u2018sexually exploits\u2019 shall be construed accordingly;<\/p>\n<p>\u2018trafficks\u2019 means, in relation to a child\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) procures, recruits, transports or harbours the child, or\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(i) transfers the child to,<\/p>\n<p>(ii) places the child in the custody, care or charge, or under the control, of, or<\/p>\n<p>(iii) otherwise delivers the child to,<\/p>\n<p>another person,<\/p>\n<p>(b) causes the child to enter or leave the State or to travel within the State,<\/p>\n<p>(c) takes custody of the child or takes the child\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(i) into one\u2019s care or charge, or<\/p>\n<p>(ii) under one\u2019s control,<\/p>\n<p>or<\/p>\n<p>(d) provides the child with accommodation or employment.\u201d.<\/p>\n<h4>Trafficking of persons other than children.<\/h4>\n<p>4.\u2014 (1) A person (in this section referred to as the \u201ctrafficker\u201d) who trafficks another person (in this section referred to as the \u201ctrafficked person\u201d), other than a child or a person to whom subsection (3) applies, for the purposes of the exploitation of the trafficked person shall be guilty of an offence if, in or for the purpose of trafficking the trafficked person, the trafficker\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) coerced, threatened, abducted or otherwise used force against the trafficked person,<\/p>\n<p>(b) deceived or committed a fraud against the trafficked person,<\/p>\n<p>(c) abused his or her authority or took advantage of the vulnerability of the trafficked person to such extent as to cause the trafficked person to have had no real and acceptable alternative but to submit to being trafficked,<\/p>\n<p>(d) coerced, threatened or otherwise used force against any person in whose care or charge, or under whose control, the trafficked person was for the time being, in order to compel that person to permit the trafficker to traffick the trafficked person, or<\/p>\n<p>(e) made any payment to, or conferred any right, interest or other benefit on, any person in whose care or charge, or under whose control, the trafficked person was for the time being, in exchange for that person permitting the trafficker to traffick the trafficked person.<\/p>\n<p>(2) In proceedings for an offence under this section it shall not be a defence for the defendant to show that the person in respect of whom the offence was committed consented to the commission of any of the acts of which the offence consists.<\/p>\n<p>(3) A person who trafficks a person who is mentally impaired for the purposes of the exploitation of the person shall be guilty of an offence.<\/p>\n<p>(4) A person who\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) sells another person, offers or exposes another person for sale or invites the making of an offer to purchase another person, or<\/p>\n<p>(b) purchases or makes an offer to purchase another person,<\/p>\n<p>shall be guilty of an offence.<\/p>\n<p>(5) A person who causes an offence under subsection (1, (3) or (4) to be committed shall be guilty of an offence.<\/p>\n<p>(6) A person who attempts to commit an offence under subsection (1), (3), (4) or (5) shall be guilty of an offence.<\/p>\n<p>(7) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable upon conviction on indictment\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) to imprisonment for life or a lesser term, and<\/p>\n<p>(b) at the discretion of the court, to a fine.<\/p>\n<p>(8) In this section \u201cmentally impaired\u201d has the same meaning as it has in the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act 1993.<\/p>\n<p>Annotations<\/p>\n<p>Editorial Notes:<\/p>\n<p>E10<br \/>\nOffence under section included in definition of \u201cspecified offence\u201d for purposes of Taxi Regulation Act 2013 (37\/2013) (1.04.2014) by Taxi Regulation Act 2013 (37\/2013), s. 30 and schedule, S.I. No. 163 of 2014, art 2.<\/p>\n<p>E11<br \/>\nVideo recordings of statements made by certain persons in interview with members of An Garda S\u00edoch\u00e1na in relation to an offence under section deemed admissible by Criminal Evidence Act 1992 (12\/1992), s. 16(1), as amended (9.08.2013) by Criminal Law (Human Trafficking) (Amendment) Act 2013 (24\/2013), s. 4(b), commenced as per s. 5(2), and as amended by Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act 2017 (2\/2017), s. 37, not commenced as of date of revision.<\/p>\n<p>E12<br \/>\nOffence under section included in sch. 2 (offences against vulnerable persons for purposes of offence under s. 3) to Criminal Justice (Withholding of Information on Offences against Children and Vulnerable Persons) Act 2012 (24\/2012) (01.08.2012) by Criminal Justice (Withholding of Information on Offences against Children and Vulnerable Persons) Act 2012 (24\/2012), s. 3 and sch. 2 item 10(a), S.I. No. 281 of 2012.<\/p>\n<p>E13<br \/>\nObligation imposed on Legal Aid Board to grant legal advice to a person who is an alleged victim of an offence under section by Civil Legal Aid Act 1995 (32\/1995), s. 26(3B), as inserted (2.08.2011) by Civil Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2011 (23\/2011), s. 3(a), commenced on enactment.<\/p>\n<p>E14<br \/>\nOffences under section designated as relevant offences for purposes of retrial and double jeopardy procedure (1.09.2010) by Criminal Procedure Act 2010 (27\/2010), ss. 7-18 and sch., S.I. No. 414 of 2010.<\/p>\n<p>F4[<\/p>\n<h4>Aggravating factor: offences under section 2 or 4 committed by public official during performance of duties.<\/h4>\n<p>4A.\u2014 (1) Where a court is determining the sentence to be imposed on a person for an offence under section 2 or 4, the fact that the offence was committed by a public official during the performance of his or her duties as such public official shall be treated for the purpose of determining the sentence as an aggravating factor.<\/p>\n<p>(2) Accordingly, the court shall (except where the sentence for the offence is one of imprisonment for life or where the court considers that there are exceptional circumstances justifying its not doing so) impose a sentence that is greater than that which would have been imposed in the absence of such factor.<\/p>\n<p>(3) The sentence imposed shall not be greater than the maximum sentence permissible for the offence.<\/p>\n<p>(4) In this section\u2014<\/p>\n<p>\u2018public body\u2019 shall be construed in accordance with the Ethics in Public Office Act 1995;<\/p>\n<p>\u2018public official\u2019 means an officer or employee of a public body.]<\/p>\n<p>Annotations<\/p>\n<p>Amendments:<\/p>\n<p>F4<br \/>\nInserted (9.08.2013) by Criminal Law (Human Trafficking) (Amendment) Act 2013 (24\/2013), s. 2, commenced as per s. 5(2).<\/p>\n<h4>Soliciting or importuning for purposes of prostitution of trafficked person.<\/h4>\n<p>5.\u2014 (1) Where, for the purposes of the prostitution of a trafficked person, a person (other than that trafficked person) solicits or importunes another person, including that trafficked person, in any place, he or she shall be guilty of an offence.<\/p>\n<p>(2) A person (other than the trafficked person in respect of whom the offence under subsection (1) is committed) who accepts, or agrees to accept a payment, right, interest or other benefit from a person for a purpose mentioned in subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence.<\/p>\n<p>F5[(2A) A person who pays, gives, offers or promises to pay or give a person (including the trafficked person) money or any other form of remuneration or consideration for the purposes of the prostitution of a trafficked person shall be guilty of an offence.]<\/p>\n<p>(3) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding \u20ac5,000 or a term of imprisonment not exceeding 12 months, or both, or<\/p>\n<p>(b) on conviction on indictment to a fine or a term of imprisonment not exceeding 5 years, or both.<\/p>\n<p>(4) In proceedings for an offence under this section it shall be a defence for the defendant to prove that he or she did not know and had no reasonable grounds for believing, that the person in respect of whom the offence was committed was a trafficked person.<\/p>\n<p>(5) This section is in addition to, and not in substitution for, F6[sections 7 and 7A of the Act of 1993 in so far as an offence under those sections] is committed by, or in respect of, a trafficked person.<\/p>\n<p>(6) In this section\u2014<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAct of 1993\u201d means the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act 1993;<\/p>\n<p>\u201csolicits or importunes\u201d has the same meaning as it has in the Act of 1993;<\/p>\n<p>\u201ctrafficked person\u201d means\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) a person in respect of whom an offence under subsection (1) or (3) of section 4 has been committed, or<\/p>\n<p>(b) a child who has been trafficked for the purpose of his or her exploitation.<\/p>\n<p>Annotations<\/p>\n<p>Amendments:<\/p>\n<p>F5<br \/>\nInserted (27.03.2017) by Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act 2017 (2\/2017), s. 26(a), S.I. No. 112 of 2017.<\/p>\n<p>F6<br \/>\nSubstituted (27.03.2017) by Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act 2017 (2\/2017), s. 26(b), S.I. No. 112 of 2017.<\/p>\n<p>Editorial Notes:<\/p>\n<p>E15<br \/>\nOffence under section included in definition of \u201cspecified offence\u201d for purposes of Taxi Regulation Act 2013 (37\/2013) (1.04.2014) by Taxi Regulation Act 2013 (37\/2013), s. 30 and schedule, S.I. No. 163 of 2014, art 2.<\/p>\n<p>E16<br \/>\nOffence under section, insofar as it relates to a person in respect of whom an offence under s. 4(1) or 4(3) has been committed (soliciting or importuning for purposes of prostitution of trafficked person), included in sch. 2 (offences against vulnerable persons for purposes of offence under s. 3) to Criminal Justice (Withholding of Information on Offences against Children and Vulnerable Persons) Act 2012 (24\/2012) (01.08.2012) by Criminal Justice (Withholding of Information on Offences against Children and Vulnerable Persons) Act 2012 (24\/2012), s. 3 and sch. 2 item 10(b), S.I. No. 281 of 2012.<\/p>\n<p>E17<br \/>\nOffence under section, insofar as it relates to a child who has been trafficked for the purpose of his or her exploitation (soliciting or importuning for purposes of prostitution of trafficked person), included in sch. 1 (offences against children for purposes of offence under s. 2) to Criminal Justice (Withholding of Information on Offences against Children and Vulnerable Persons) Act 2012 (24\/2012) (01.08.2012) by Criminal Justice (Withholding of Information on Offences against Children and Vulnerable Persons) Act 2012 (24\/2012), s. 2 and sch. 1 item 15(b), S.I. No. 281 of 2012.<\/p>\n<p>E18<br \/>\nObligation imposed on Legal Aid Board to grant legal advice to a person who is an alleged victim of an offence under section by Civil Legal Aid Act 1995 (32\/1995), s. 26(3B), as inserted (2.08.2011) by Civil Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2011 (23\/2011), s. 3(a), commenced on enactment.<\/p>\n<h4>Offences by bodies corporate.<\/h4>\n<p>6.\u2014 Where an offence under this Act is committed by a body corporate and is proved to have been so committed with the consent or connivance of or to be attributable to any neglect on the part of any person, being a director, manager, secretary or other officer of the body corporate, or a person who was purporting to act in such capacity, that person shall, as well as the body corporate, be guilty of an offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished as if he or she were guilty of the first-mentioned offence.<\/p>\n<p>Annotations<\/p>\n<p>Editorial Notes:<\/p>\n<p>E19<br \/>\nObligation imposed on Legal Aid Board to grant legal advice to a person who is an alleged victim of an offence under section by Civil Legal Aid Act 1995 (32\/1995), s. 26(3B), as inserted (2.08.2011) by Civil Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2011 (23\/2011), s. 3(a), commenced on enactment.<\/p>\n<h4>Jurisdiction.<\/h4>\n<p>7.\u2014 (1) Where a person who is an Irish citizen or ordinarily resident in the State does an act in a place other than the State that, if done in the State, would constitute an offence under section 2 or 4, or section 3 (other than subsections (2A) and (2B)) of the Act of 1998, he or she shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction on indictment to a fine, or imprisonment for life, or both.<\/p>\n<p>(2) Where a person does an act in relation to an Irish citizen in a place other than the State that, if done in the State, would constitute an offence under section 2 or 4, or section 3 (other than subsections (2A) and (2B)) of the Act of 1998, he or she shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction on indictment to a fine, or imprisonment for life, or both.<\/p>\n<p>(3) Where a person conspires with, or incites, in the State, another person to do an act in a place other than the State that, if done in the State, would constitute an offence under section 2 or 4, or section 3 (other than subsections (2A) and (2B)) of the Act of 1998, he or she shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction on indictment to a fine, or imprisonment for life, or both.<\/p>\n<p>(4) Where a person who is an Irish citizen or ordinarily resident in the State conspires with, or incites, in a place other than the State, another person to do an act in a place other than the State that, if done in the State, would constitute an offence under section 2 or 4, or section 3 (other than subsections (2A) and (2B)) of the Act of 1998, he or she shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction on indictment to a fine, or imprisonment for life, or both.<\/p>\n<p>(5) Where a person conspires with, or incites, in the State or in a place other than the State, another person to do an act in relation to an Irish citizen in a place other than the State that, if done in the State, would constitute an offence under section 2 or 4, or section 3 (other than subsections (2A) and (2B)) of the Act of 1998, he or she shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction on indictment to a fine, or imprisonment for life, or both.<\/p>\n<p>(6) Where a person conspires with, or incites, in a place other than the State, a person who is an Irish citizen or ordinarily resident in the State to do an act in a place other than the State that, if done in the State, would constitute an offence under section 2 or 4, or section 3 (other than subsections (2A) and (2B)) of the Act of 1998, he or she shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction on indictment to a fine, or imprisonment for life, or both.<\/p>\n<p>(7) Where a person attempts to commit an offence under subsection (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) or (6), he or she shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction on indictment to a fine, or imprisonment for life, or both.<\/p>\n<p>(8) For the purposes of this section a person shall be deemed to be ordinarily resident in the State if\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) he or she has had his or her principal residence in the State for the period of 12 months immediately preceding the alleged commission of the offence,<\/p>\n<p>(b) it is a company registered under the Companies Acts, or<\/p>\n<p>(c) in the case of any other body corporate, it is established under the law of the State.<\/p>\n<p>Annotations<\/p>\n<p>Editorial Notes:<\/p>\n<p>E20<br \/>\nVideo recordings of statements made by certain persons in interview with members of An Garda S\u00edoch\u00e1na in relation to an offence under section deemed admissible by Criminal Evidence Act 1992 (12\/1992), s. 16(1), as amended (9.08.2013) by Criminal Law (Human Trafficking) (Amendment) Act 2013 (24\/2013), s. 4(b), commenced as per s. 5(2), and as amended by Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act 2017 (2\/2017), s. 37, not commenced as of date of revision.<\/p>\n<p>E21<br \/>\nOffence under section, insofar as it relates to an offence under s. 4, included in sch. 2 (offences against vulnerable persons for purposes of offence under s. 3) to Criminal Justice (Withholding of Information on Offences against Children and Vulnerable Persons) Act 2012 (24\/2012) (1.08.2012) by Criminal Justice (Withholding of Information on Offences against Children and Vulnerable Persons) Act 2012 (24\/2012), s. 3 and sch. 2 item 10(c), S.I. No. 281 of 2012.<\/p>\n<p>E22<br \/>\nOffence under section, insofar as it relates to an offence under s. 2 or s. 3 (other than subsections (2A) and (2B)) of the Child Trafficking and Pornography Act 1998 (22\/1998), included in sch. 1 (offences against children for purposes of offence under s. 2) to Criminal Justice (Withholding of Information on Offences against Children and Vulnerable Persons) Act 2012 (24\/2012) (1.08.2012) by Criminal Justice (Withholding of Information on Offences against Children and Vulnerable Persons) Act 2012 (24\/2012), s. 2 and sch. 1 item 15(c), S.I. No. 281 of 2012.<\/p>\n<p>E23<br \/>\nObligation imposed on Legal Aid Board to grant legal advice to a person who is an alleged victim of an offence under section by Civil Legal Aid Act 1995 (32\/1995), s. 26(3B), as inserted (2.08.2011) by Civil Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2011 (23\/2011), s. 3(a), commenced on enactment.<\/p>\n<h4>Proceedings relating to offences committed outside State.<\/h4>\n<p>8.\u2014 Proceedings for an offence under section 7 may be taken in any place in the State and the offence may for all incidental purposes be treated as having been committed in that place.<\/p>\n<h4>Double jeopardy.<\/h4>\n<p>9.\u2014 (1) Where a person has been acquitted of an offence in a place other than the State, he or she shall not be proceeded against for an offence under this Act consisting of the alleged act or acts constituting the first-mentioned offence.<\/p>\n<p>(2) Where a person has been convicted of an offence in a place other than the State, he or she shall not be proceeded against for an offence under this Act consisting of the act or acts constituting the first-mentioned offence.<\/p>\n<h4>Exclusion of members of public from proceedings.<\/h4>\n<p>10.\u2014 (1) In proceedings for an offence under section 2 or 4, or section 3 (other than subsections (2A) and (2B)) of the Act of 1998, or incitement or conspiracy to commit any such offence, all persons, other than officers of the court, persons directly concerned in the proceedings and such other persons (if any) as the judge of the court may determine, shall be excluded from the court during the proceedings.<\/p>\n<p>(2) In proceedings to which this section applies the verdict or decision and the sentence (if any) shall be pronounced in public.<\/p>\n<h4>Anonymity of victims of trafficking.<\/h4>\n<p>11.\u2014 (1) Where a person is charged with an offence under section 2 or 4, or section 3 (other than subsections (2A) and (2B)) of the Act of 1998, any person who publishes or broadcasts any information, including\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) any photograph of, or that includes a depiction of, the alleged victim of the offence, or<\/p>\n<p>(b) any other representation of the physical likeness, or any representation that includes a depiction of the physical likeness, of the alleged victim of the offence,<\/p>\n<p>that is likely to enable the identification of the alleged victim of the offence, shall, subject to any direction under subsection (2), be guilty of an offence and shall be liable upon conviction on indictment to a fine, or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years, or both.<\/p>\n<p>(2) The judge of the court in which proceedings for an offence under section 2 or 4, or section 3 (other than subsections (2A) and (2B)) of the Act of 1998, are brought may, where he or she considers that the interests of justice so require, direct that such information to which subsection (1) applies as he or she shall specify in the direction may be published or broadcast in such manner and subject to such conditions as he or she may specify in the direction.<\/p>\n<p>(3) A direction under this section shall be in writing.<\/p>\n<p>(4) A person who contravenes a direction under this section, including a condition in such a direction, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable upon conviction on indictment to a fine, or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years, or both.<\/p>\n<p>(5) In this section\u2014<\/p>\n<p>\u201cbroadcasts\u201d means transmits, relays or distributes by wireless telegraphy or by any other means, or by wireless telegraphy in conjunction with any other means, of communications, sounds, signs, visual images or signals intended for reception by any person whether such communications, sounds, signs, visual images or signals are received by that person or not;<\/p>\n<p>\u201cpublishes\u201d means publishes to any person, and includes publishes on the internet.<\/p>\n<p>Annotations<\/p>\n<p>Editorial Notes:<\/p>\n<p>E24<br \/>\nObligation imposed on Legal Aid Board to grant legal advice to a person who is an alleged victim of an offence under section by Civil Legal Aid Act 1995 (32\/1995), s. 26(3B), as inserted (2.08.2011) by Civil Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2011 (23\/2011), s. 3(a), commenced on enactment.<\/p>\n<h4>Amendment of Criminal Evidence Act 1992.<\/h4>\n<p>12.\u2014 The Criminal Evidence Act 1992 is amended\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) in the definition of \u201csexual offence\u201d (inserted by section 16 of the Criminal Justice (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1997) in section 2, by\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(i) the deletion of paragraph (iv) (inserted by section 7(2) of the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act 2006), and<\/p>\n<p>(ii) the substitution of the following paragraph for paragraph (e):<\/p>\n<p>\u201c(e) the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act 2006;\u201d,<\/p>\n<p>and<\/p>\n<p>(b) by the substitution of the following section for section 12 (amended by section 10 of the Act of 1998):<\/p>\n<p>\u201c12.\u2014 This Part applies to\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) a sexual offence,<\/p>\n<p>(b) an offence involving violence or the threat of violence to a person,<\/p>\n<p>(c) an offence under section 3, 4, 5 or 6 of the Child Trafficking and Pornography Act 1998,<\/p>\n<p>(d) an offence under section 2, 4 or 7 of the Criminal Law (Human Trafficking) Act 2008, or<\/p>\n<p>(e) an offence consisting of attempting or conspiring to commit, or of aiding or abetting, counselling, procuring or inciting the commission of, an offence mentioned in paragraph (a), (b), (c) or (d).\u201d.<\/p>\n<h4>Amendment of Act of 2001.<\/h4>\n<p>13.\u2014 The Act of 2001 is amended\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) in section 3, by\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(i) the substitution of the following paragraph for paragraph (a) of subsection (2):<\/p>\n<p>\u201c(a) paragraph 2 of the Schedule (sexual assault or indecent assault), other than an offence of sexual assault or indecent assault of a person who, at the time of the commission of the offence, was mentally impaired,\u201d,<\/p>\n<p>(ii) the substitution of the following paragraph for paragraph (ii) of subsection (2):<\/p>\n<p>\u201c(ii) the person guilty of the offence\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(I) is, for the time being, the subject of an order of the court remanding him or her on bail or in custody pending the passing of sentence, or<\/p>\n<p>(II) has not, in respect of the offence, been sentenced to any punishment involving deprivation of liberty for a limited or unlimited period of time or been made subject to any measure involving such deprivation of liberty.\u201d, and<\/p>\n<p>(iii) the insertion of the following subsection:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c(4) In this section \u2018mentally impaired\u2019 has the same meaning as it has in section 5 of the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act 1993.\u201d,<\/p>\n<p>(b) in section 12, by the substitution of the following subsection for subsection (3):<\/p>\n<p>\u201c(3) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable\u2014<\/p>\n<p>(a) on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding \u20ac5,000, or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months, or both, or<\/p>\n<p>(b) on conviction on indictment to a fine not exceeding \u20ac10,000, or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years, or both.\u201d,<\/p>\n<p>(c) in section 33, by the insertion of the following subsection:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c(4) Proceedings for an offence under subsection (1) may be brought and prosecuted by a probation and welfare officer.\u201d, and<\/p>\n<p>(d) in the Schedule, by the insertion of the following paragraph:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c16A. An offence under the Criminal Law (Human Trafficking) Act 2008 in so far as the offence is committed for the purposes of the sexual exploitation of a person.\u201d.<\/p>\n<h4>Amendment of Bail Act 1997.<\/h4>\n<p>14.\u2014 The Schedule to the Bail Act 1997 is amended by the insertion of the following paragraph:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c8A. An offence under the Criminal Law (Human Trafficking) Act 2008.\u201d.<\/p>\n<h4>Short title and commencement.<\/h4>\n<p>15.\u2014 (1) This Act may be cited as the Criminal Law (Human Trafficking) Act 2008.<\/p>\n<p>(2) This Act shall come into operation one month after its passing.<\/p>\n<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-1183\" data-postid=\"1183\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-1183 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n    <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sexual Exploitation There are a number of modern offences concerned with the trafficking of persons for the purpose of exploitation, which derives from Conventions.\u00a0 Sexual exploitation includes production of pornography, causing a person to engage in sexual activity for the purpose of production of pornography, prostitution of a person, committing an offence under the Sexual [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1183"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1183"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1183\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33376,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1183\/revisions\/33376"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1183"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1183"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1183"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}