{"id":12216,"date":"2018-07-24T20:55:15","date_gmt":"2018-07-24T20:55:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/legalblog.ie\/airports\/"},"modified":"2023-06-29T03:09:05","modified_gmt":"2023-06-29T03:09:05","slug":"airports","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/airports\/","title":{"rendered":"Airports [EU]"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_63 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/airports\/#Slots\" title=\"Slots\">Slots<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/airports\/#Access_to_Ground_Handling\" title=\"Access to Ground Handling\">Access to Ground Handling<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/airports\/#Airport_Charges\" title=\"Airport Charges\">Airport Charges<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/airports\/#Licensing_of_Air_traffic_Controllers\" title=\"Licensing of Air traffic Controllers\">Licensing of Air traffic Controllers<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Slots\"><\/span>Slots<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>EU regulation provides common rules on allocation of slots at EU airport.\u00a0 The purpose is to ensure an equitable and non-discriminatory equitable and transparent method of allocation where there is scarcity in the supply of spots.\u00a0 The regulation sets out criteria in relation to the designation of slots.<\/p>\n<p>The state must ensure the appointment of a coordinator or a scheduled facilitator with experience of coordination and planning air carrier movements.\u00a0 They must act in a non-discriminatory, and neutral and transparent way.<\/p>\n<p>Capacity is determined twice yearly by the authority according to winter and summer season program.\u00a0 Capacity is based on analysis of the technical possibilities for accommodating air traffic.<\/p>\n<p>In the case of a coordinated airport, a coordination committee must be established.\u00a0 It is to make proposals and advise the coordinator on issues relating to capacity, monitoring and local guidelines.\u00a0 The committee is to consist of carriers, airport managers, air traffic control authorities and general aviation representatives.<\/p>\n<p>Subject to taking up the available slots to a prescribed extent, entities which are entitled to slots historically continue to be entitled to them provided they utilise up to 80%.\u00a0 Slots which are not sufficiently used are reallocated.\u00a0 The regulation provides for pools where newly created timeslots are available or new slots or slots have been lost or given up.\u00a0 The coordinators take account of the rules and guidelines established by the air transport industry and local guidelines.<\/p>\n<p>Slots may be exchanged or transferred between airlines under certain conditions such as a total takeover or transfer of route or traffic.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Access_to_Ground_Handling\"><\/span>Access to Ground Handling<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>EU directive provides for access to ground-handling at airports.\u00a0 It applies to airports with commercial traffic of not less than 2 million passengers or 50,000 tons of cargo.\u00a0 The ground-handling services, if integrated into the airport manager\\&#8217;s functions must keep separate accounts under the supervision of an auditor.<\/p>\n<p>States may require that suppliers of ground-handling services be established within the EU.\u00a0 They may limit the number of suppliers to provide certain categories of service such as baggage handling, fuel and oil handling, cargo and mail handling etc.\u00a0 They may limit to two the number of users who may provide ground-handling services.\u00a0 Exemptions may be available, limited in time where there are constraints of space and capacity which make it impossible to open up the market.<\/p>\n<p>States may reserve for one entity under certain conditions the management of the centralised infrastructures if this cannot be divided up or the cost does not allow for duplication.\u00a0 States may grant exemptions to airports with constraints making it impossible to open up the market or implement self-handling to the extent provided for in the directive.<\/p>\n<p>Suppliers and services may be subject to the requirement to obtain a licence issued by a public authority independent of the airport in order to guarantee safety, environmental protection and compliance with social legislation.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Airport_Charges\"><\/span>Airport Charges<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>An EU directive provides a common framework for airport charges.\u00a0 The charges must not discriminate between airport users.\u00a0 They may be modulated in accordance with general and public interest and environmental interests.<\/p>\n<p>A body which manages an airport network may introduce a charging system to cover the entire network in a transparent manner.\u00a0 A managing body may be authorised to apply a common and transparent charging system for airports serving the same urban community or conurbation. Airport users and representatives must be consulted regularly in relation to the operation of the system as charges, level of charges, quality of service.<\/p>\n<p>Airport users or their representatives must be informed about the component elements on the determination of charges.\u00a0 The information is to include<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>various services and infrastructure provided in return for the airport charge levy,<\/li>\n<li>the methodology used for setting the charges,<\/li>\n<li>revenue from the different charges,<\/li>\n<li>financing from a public authority<\/li>\n<li>facilities and services<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Aircraft users may be required to submit information to the airport managing body before the consultation, including forecasts in relation to route traffic, use of their fleet, \u00a0development projects and requirements at the airport concerned.<\/p>\n<p>Airport managing bodies must consult users before plans for new airport infrastructure can be finalised.\u00a0 EU states are required to establish an independent supervisory body.\u00a0 It must ensure the correct application of measures in compliance with the directives.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Licensing_of_Air_traffic_Controllers\"><\/span>Licensing of Air traffic Controllers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>EU directive provides for licensing of air traffic controllers.\u00a0 States must designate a body to implement and supervise the rules.\u00a0 The directive provides rules and licensing framework for<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>conditions for obtaining and keeping a license,<\/li>\n<li>harmonisation of competence requirements,<\/li>\n<li>measures to guarantee a high level of competence, including auditing and approving examiners.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Air traffic controller licenses may only be issued to applicants<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>holding at least a certain level of education,<\/li>\n<li>having undertaken training courses for practical training and simulation.<\/li>\n<li>holding a valid medical certificate and having illustrated adequate linguistic abilities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Applicants must first obtain a student licence.<\/p>\n<p>States must recognise licence ratings and endorsements issued by other supervisory authorities.<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-12216\" data-postid=\"12216\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-12216 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n    \t<!-- module_row -->\n\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_a4dm220 tb_first tf_clearfix\">\n\t    \t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_top col-count-1 tf_box tf_w tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full first tb_0slw947 tf_box\">\n\t\t\t    \t        <div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t    <!-- module divider -->\n<div  class=\"module tf_mw module-divider tb_2d0w490 solid   \" style=\"border-width: 1px;border-color: #000000;\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module divider -->\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_v8ob408  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/brexitlegal.ie\/disclaimer\/\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><strong>Important Notice-<\/strong><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em>See the Disclaimer Below\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Brexit Legal, McMahon Legal and Paul McMahon have no liability arising from reliance on anything contained in this article nor on this website<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_f9t3004  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <p><span style=\"color: #008c8c;\"><strong>Contact McMahon Legal\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_8if6000  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <p>[contact-form-7 id=&#8221;477&#8243; title=&#8221;Contact form 1&#8243;]<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t        <\/div>\n\t    \t<\/div>\n\t\t    <\/div>\n\t    <!-- \/row_inner -->\n\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/module_row -->\n\t<\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Slots EU regulation provides common rules on allocation of slots at EU airport.\u00a0 The purpose is to ensure an equitable and non-discriminatory equitable and transparent method of allocation where there is scarcity in the supply of spots.\u00a0 The regulation sets out criteria in relation to the designation of slots. The state must ensure the appointment [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[233,127],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12216"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12216"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12216\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18705,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12216\/revisions\/18705"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12216"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12216"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12216"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}