{"id":12229,"date":"2018-06-25T17:04:51","date_gmt":"2018-06-25T17:04:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/legalblog.ie\/eu-citizenship\/"},"modified":"2024-03-10T23:20:31","modified_gmt":"2024-03-10T23:20:31","slug":"eu-citizenship","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/eu-citizenship\/","title":{"rendered":"EU Citizenship"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_63 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/eu-citizenship\/#European_Union_citizenship_and_rights\" title=\"European Union citizenship and rights.\">European Union citizenship and rights.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/eu-citizenship\/#Rights_of_Citizens\" title=\"Rights of Citizens\">Rights of Citizens<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/eu-citizenship\/#Long-Term_Residents\" title=\"Long-Term Residents\">Long-Term Residents<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/eu-citizenship\/#Civic_and_Consular_Rights_of_Citizens\" title=\"Civic and Consular Rights of Citizens\">Civic and Consular Rights of Citizens<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/eu-citizenship\/#EU_Ombudsman\" title=\"EU Ombudsman\">EU Ombudsman<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/eu-citizenship\/#Rights_to_Petition\" title=\"Rights to Petition\">Rights to Petition<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"European_Union_citizenship_and_rights\"><\/span>European Union citizenship and rights.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Maastricht Treaty introduced the concept of citizenship of the European Union.\u00a0 The Treaty declares the rights of a citizen.\u00a0 Citizens have the rights conferred by the Treaty and the duties imposed by it.\u00a0 The duties imposed are limited. The European Union flag and anthem were formally adopted.<\/p>\n<p>EU citizenship arises from the nationality of an EU member state.\u00a0 Such persons are deemed citizens of the Union.\u00a0 EU citizenship complements national citizenship but does not supplant it.<\/p>\n<p>Citizenship remains a matter for the member states.\u00a0 However, states must recognise each other\\&#8217;s laws on recognition of their own nationality.\u00a0 Such persons become EU citizens once they become nationals of an EU state.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rights_of_Citizens\"><\/span>Rights of Citizens<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Every citizen of the EU has a right to move freely within the EU states subject only to the limitations provided by the treaty.\u00a0 Any member of an EU citizen\u2019s family may not exercise the right of free moment unless he or she is himself an EU national or the movement is done in tandem with the movement of the EU national.<\/p>\n<p>The EU has the power to adopt measures to implement the above provisions declared in the treaty. The treaty rights have been supplemented by\u00a0 EU implementing legislation.\u00a0 On some occasions, resort may be had to the treaty rights to cover gaps in the legislation.<\/p>\n<p>The treaty article on citizenship is directly effective. The Court of Justice has been assertive in spelling out the consequences of the treaty rights.\u00a0 It has been held that any social rights should be available to nationals of other EU states even outside of the direct exercise of employment or the establishment of business.<\/p>\n<p>In practice, the courts have made some \u00a0(limited) inroads on the requirements for economic self-sufficiency in the directive..There are however limits.\u00a0 States are not obliged to take in other state\u2019s nationals in a manner that imposes a burden on the social system of the host state.<\/p>\n<p>Residence permits are not required. States may require residents to register within a period of not less than three months.\u00a0 Registration must be given on production of identity, passport or alternative identity and declaration of compliance with the requirements or other evidence thereof.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Long-Term_Residents\"><\/span>Long-Term Residents<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A long-term resident is a person who has been continuously resident in an EU state for at least five years, is not a burden on its social assistance system, has appropriate health insurance and is not a threat to public policy, security and health may claim status.\u00a0 The status does not apply to asylum-seekers, diplomats, students and others who have not been given permanent leave to remain in the state.\u00a0 States may impose limitations in relation to access to social benefits and in some cases employment.<\/p>\n<p>An EU directive on family unification gives rights to nationals of third countries who hold a residence permit from a state for a period of validity of one year or more and who have a reasonable prospect of obtaining right of permanent residence.\u00a0 The directive provides that such persons are entitled to be reunited with family members who are third-party nationals, who accordingly, may be entitled to join them in the EU state concerned.<\/p>\n<p>An EU directive provides for the status of third-country nationals who are long-term residents in the EU.\u00a0 States of residence are required to confer such persons and their families with rights as near as possible as those enjoyed by EU citizens.<\/p>\n<p>Refugee children in need of protection may be granted residence permits for family members if the parents and children are third-country nationals, provided they are not a threat to public order, security or other grounds.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Civic_and_Consular_Rights_of_Citizens\"><\/span>Civic and Consular Rights of Citizens<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>EU nationals of other states may take part in municipal and European Parliament elections and may vote in them.\u00a0 This does not apply to national parliamentary elections.\u00a0 Municipal elections relate to local government units elected by general universal suffrage administering the basic level of administrative organisation, local affairs and its own responsibility.<\/p>\n<p>EU nationals are entitled to the diplomatic and consular protection of any member state under the same terms as nationals of that Member State.\u00a0 This is of particular relevance where its member state of nationality has no representation in the territory of a third state.\u00a0 The necessary rules are required to secure the protection, implement the right.<\/p>\n<p>Guidelines have been adopted regarding diplomatic and consular assistance.\u00a0 They seek to ensure that if a national in a non-EU country he is entitled to request the diplomatic mission of an EU state for assistance and repatriation in the event of serious unexpected matters such as death, accidents, violence, attack, natural disasters and catastrophes.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"EU_Ombudsman\"><\/span>EU Ombudsman<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Complaints may be made to the EU Ombudsman by citizens.\u00a0 The Parliament appoints the Ombudsman and specifies conditions regulating his duties.<\/p>\n<p>The Ombudsman is nominated by the Parliament and holds office for its term.\u00a0 He may be removed from Parliament by Parliament.<\/p>\n<p>The Ombudsman may receive complaints from EU citizens and natural persons established in the EU.\u00a0 Complaints may be made in relation to maladministration by EU institutions.\u00a0 It will not extend to maladministration of EU law by domestic bodies.\u00a0 The Ombudsman works with national Ombudsman.<\/p>\n<p>The Ombudsman may undertake investigations at its own initiative or on foot of complaints or true facts brought to his attention by EU Parliament.<\/p>\n<p>The Ombudsman may make refer a complaint which he determines well-founded with its views to the institution concerned.\u00a0 It has three months to express the view.\u00a0 After that period, if it has not taken appropriate measures to remedy the matter, he may draft a report to forward to the Parliament or institution.\u00a0 There is no legal remedy.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rights_to_Petition\"><\/span>Rights to Petition<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A citizen may petition the European Parliament. The right of petition extends to companies and body corporates registered in the state. It must relate to matters within the Union \u2019s which affect the person concerned directly. There is a committee on petitions which determines the admissibility of a petition.\u00a0 If it is admissible, the committee may request the Commission or other bodies to provide information.\u00a0 It may be put on the committee agenda. The Commission may be invited to make a statement and comment on the matters raised in the petition.<\/p>\n<p>If the petition requires individual treatment, the Commission may contact authorities in the state concerned.\u00a0 It may ask the President of the Parliament to make representations with national authorities.<\/p>\n<p>If the petition has a more general application such for example that there is a breach of law by a state, it may take appropriate actions and proceedings. If the petition relates to political matters it may be used as a basis of political action.<\/p>\n<p><!--\/themify_builder_static--><\/p>\n<p><!--themify_builder_static--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/brexitlegal.ie\/disclaimer\/\"><em><strong>Important Notice-<\/strong><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em>See the Disclaimer Below\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><em>Brexit Legal, McMahon Legal and Paul McMahon have no liability arising from reliance on anything contained in this article nor on this website<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Contact McMahon Legal\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[contact-form-7 id=&#8221;477&#8243; title=&#8221;Contact form 1&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><!--\/themify_builder_static--><\/p>\n<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-12229\" data-postid=\"12229\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-12229 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n    \t<!-- module_row -->\n\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_o3cb631 tb_first tf_clearfix\">\n\t    \t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_top col-count-1 tf_box tf_w tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full first tb_qb7l277 tf_box\">\n\t\t\t    \t        <div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t    <!-- module divider -->\n<div  class=\"module tf_mw module-divider tb_1oop005 solid   \" style=\"border-width: 1px;border-color: #000000;\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module divider -->\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_30rn003  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/brexitlegal.ie\/disclaimer\/\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><strong>Important Notice-<\/strong><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em>See the Disclaimer Below\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Brexit Legal, McMahon Legal and Paul McMahon have no liability arising from reliance on anything contained in this article nor on this website<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ib9x036  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <p><span style=\"color: #008c8c;\"><strong>Contact McMahon Legal\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_qde6838  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <p>[contact-form-7 id=&#8221;477&#8243; title=&#8221;Contact form 1&#8243;]<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t        <\/div>\n\t    \t<\/div>\n\t\t    <\/div>\n\t    <!-- \/row_inner -->\n\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/module_row -->\n\t<\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>European Union citizenship and rights. The Maastricht Treaty introduced the concept of citizenship of the European Union.\u00a0 The Treaty declares the rights of a citizen.\u00a0 Citizens have the rights conferred by the Treaty and the duties imposed by it.\u00a0 The duties imposed are limited. The European Union flag and anthem were formally adopted. EU citizenship [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[343,120],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12229"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12229"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12229\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32875,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12229\/revisions\/32875"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12229"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12229"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12229"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}