{"id":12232,"date":"2018-06-25T20:51:12","date_gmt":"2018-06-25T20:51:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/legalblog.ie\/eu-freedoms-overview\/"},"modified":"2024-03-10T12:37:31","modified_gmt":"2024-03-10T12:37:31","slug":"eu-freedoms-overview","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/eu-freedoms-overview\/","title":{"rendered":"EU Freedoms Overview"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_63 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/eu-freedoms-overview\/#EU_Treaty_Rights\" title=\"EU Treaty Rights\">EU Treaty Rights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/eu-freedoms-overview\/#Judicial_Clarifications\" title=\"Judicial Clarifications\">Judicial Clarifications<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/eu-freedoms-overview\/#EU_Citizenship\" title=\"EU Citizenship\">EU Citizenship<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/eu-freedoms-overview\/#Permanent_Residence\" title=\"Permanent Residence\">Permanent Residence<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"EU_Treaty_Rights\"><\/span>EU Treaty Rights<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Free movement of persons as provided in the Treaty of Rome 1957 has evolved into a wider range of related rights under the various amending treaties since that time.\u00a0 There is a right of free movement for workers to come and work in a host EU state.\u00a0 There is a right of establishment for persons to come and work on a self-employed basis in another EU host state.<\/p>\n<p>Workers and self-employed persons who establish business must not be subjected to discrimination on the basis of nationality. They must enjoy the same treatment as a comparable national in the same situation.<\/p>\n<p>Under the European Union Treaty, directly discriminatory provisions are unlawful unless they can be justified on relatively narrow grounds of public policy, public health and security.\u00a0 \u00a0Indirectly discriminatory provisions which are those which are discriminatory in effect or which hinder the free movement of persons are deemed invalid unless there is a legitimate objective, justifiable reason.<\/p>\n<p>Over time, the original Treaty rights to the free movement of persons to come to the host state to work have been extended by amendments to the Treaty, EU Regulations and Directives and interpretation of Treaty rights by the Court of Justice of the European Union.<\/p>\n<p>In the 1990s, the right to reside was extended to retired persons, students and those with independent means.\u00a0 Non-economically active persons must have sufficient means of support and medical insurance.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Judicial_Clarifications\"><\/span>Judicial Clarifications<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The European Court of Justice has expanded the concept of \u201cfree movement\u201d through its case law. \u00a0The European Court has held that the social benefits include access to measures of the financial nature intends to facilitate access to employment in the labour market.\u00a0 Although \u201csocial assistance\u201d is excluded, the European courts have interpreted the concept narrowly distinguishing it from benefits of a financial nature, which were intended to facilitate access to the labour market.\u00a0 It was held to extend to elements of UK job seekers allowance, which were was a social benefit in so far as they might be on mere social assistance.<\/p>\n<p>Workers retain their status as such while they are looking for work after termination of employment at least for a period while they continue to seek employment and have a genuine chance of being engaged. This right includes access to vocational training and grants to some extent.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"EU_Citizenship\"><\/span>EU Citizenship<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Maastricht Treaty introduced the concept of EU citizenship in 1993.\u00a0 The Citizens\\&#8217; Rights Directive provides that all EU citizens with a valid identity card or passport and their \u00a0EU\u00a0 and non-EU family members, including spouses, registered partners, dependent descendants and ascendants, \u00a0have the right to travel to another EU state.<\/p>\n<p>Each EU state must grant all EU citizens holding a valid identity or passport and their family members the right to enter.No entry visa can be required.\u00a0 All EU citizens and their EU family members have a right of residence for up to three months without any conditions other than holding a valid identity card or passport.<\/p>\n<p>All EU citizens have a right of residence in another member state for longer than three months if they meet any of the following conditions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>they are employed or self-employed;<\/li>\n<li>they are economically inactive but have sufficient resources for themselves and their family not to become a burden on the social assistance system of the host member state, and have comprehensive sickness insurance cover;<\/li>\n<li>they are accredited students and have sufficient resources for themselves and their family not to become a burden on the social assistance system of the host state, and have comprehensive sickness insurance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The rights to extend to non EU family members of EU citizens who meet these conditions.<\/p>\n<p>There is a common EU visa scheme to which both Ireland and UK are not a party at present. It provides the broad criteria in relation to visas on economic, personal and other bases.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Permanent_Residence\"><\/span>Permanent Residence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>EU citizens have a right of permanent residence after five continuous years\u2019 residence in the host state while exercising that above treaty rights during that time.\u00a0 This right of permanent residence applies to both EU and non-EU family members of EU citizens who have resided for this period.\u00a0 Once these rights are acquired, they may only be lost by absence from the host state for more than two consecutive years.\u00a0 Certain temporary absences do not affect the rights.<\/p>\n<p>Persons exercising EU rights are entitled to be treated equally with nationals of the host state. The host state is not obliged to grant social assistance to economically inactive persons or students during the first three months of their stay.<\/p>\n<p>The right to expel on the grounds of public policy, public security and public health must not be invoked as a disguised legitimate ground, where the real grounds involved are economic. There must be a\u00a0 reasoned individualised decision referable to a genuine present and sufficiently serious threat affecting one of the limited grounds of exception.<\/p>\n<p>Freedom of movement has been extended to residents of the European Economic Area. This is the European Union together with including Iceland, Norway and Lichtenstein. Most of the freedoms also apply to Switzerland under separate arrangements.<\/p>\n<p><!--\/themify_builder_static--><\/p>\n<p><!--themify_builder_static--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/brexitlegal.ie\/disclaimer\/\"><em><strong>Important Notice-<\/strong><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em>See the Disclaimer Below\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><em>Brexit Legal, McMahon Legal and Paul McMahon have no liability arising from reliance on anything contained in this article nor on this website<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Contact McMahon Legal\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[contact-form-7 id=&#8221;477&#8243; title=&#8221;Contact form 1&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><!--\/themify_builder_static--><\/p>\n<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-12232\" data-postid=\"12232\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-12232 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n    \t<!-- module_row -->\n\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_9hhj620 tb_first tf_clearfix\">\n\t    \t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_top col-count-1 tf_box tf_w tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full first tb_31ne960 tf_box\">\n\t\t\t    \t        <div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t    <!-- module divider -->\n<div  class=\"module tf_mw module-divider tb_rgut026 solid   \" style=\"border-width: 1px;border-color: #000000;\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module divider -->\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_2ryu600  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/brexitlegal.ie\/disclaimer\/\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><strong>Important Notice-<\/strong><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em>See the Disclaimer Below\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Brexit Legal, McMahon Legal and Paul McMahon have no liability arising from reliance on anything contained in this article nor on this website<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_aqoa876  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <p><span style=\"color: #008c8c;\"><strong>Contact McMahon Legal\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_n3dh806  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <p>[contact-form-7 id=&#8221;477&#8243; title=&#8221;Contact form 1&#8243;]<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t        <\/div>\n\t    \t<\/div>\n\t\t    <\/div>\n\t    <!-- \/row_inner -->\n\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/module_row -->\n\t<\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>EU Treaty Rights Free movement of persons as provided in the Treaty of Rome 1957 has evolved into a wider range of related rights under the various amending treaties since that time.\u00a0 There is a right of free movement for workers to come and work in a host EU state.\u00a0 There is a right of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[120],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12232"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12232"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12232\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18262,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12232\/revisions\/18262"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}