{"id":17061,"date":"2018-03-09T23:32:02","date_gmt":"2018-03-09T23:32:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/legalblog.ie\/17061-2\/"},"modified":"2022-09-25T15:19:06","modified_gmt":"2022-09-25T15:19:06","slug":"17061-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/17061-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Aircraft Emissions [EU]"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"\\&quot;govuk-grid-row\\&quot;\">\n<div class=\"\\&quot;govuk-grid-column-two-thirds\\&quot;\">\n<div class=\"\\&quot;gem-c-title\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_63 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/17061-2\/#Greenhouse_gas_emission_allowance_trading_and_aviation\" title=\"Greenhouse gas emission allowance trading and aviation\">Greenhouse gas emission allowance trading and aviation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/17061-2\/#Key_Points\" title=\"Key Points\">Key Points<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/17061-2\/#Background\" title=\"Background\">Background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/17061-2\/#References\" title=\"References\">References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Greenhouse_gas_emission_allowance_trading_and_aviation\"><\/span>Greenhouse gas emission allowance trading and aviation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Taking into account the scale and global nature of the aviation industry and its impact on the environment, the EU takes action to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by aviation in Europe, whilst working with the international community through the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) to establish measures with a global reach.<\/p>\n<p>Directive 2008\/101\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 amending Directive 2003\/87\/EC so as to include aviation activities in the scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community<\/p>\n<p>This directive amends Directive 2003\/87\/EC, which set up the EU emissions trading system (EU ETS), by factoring in carbon dioxide emissions caused by aviation activity. As a result, all flights to, from and within all EU countries and Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein are covered under the EU ETS.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Points\"><\/span>Key Points<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>95 % of the average emissions over the 2004-2006 period is set as the annual cap* for aviation emissions for the period from 2013 to 2020.<br \/>\nThe directive applies to EU and non-EU airlines alike, which receive tradable allowances covering a certain level of CO2 emissions from their flights per year.<br \/>\n377\/2013\/EU retroactively exempted the EU ETS requirements for flights to and from non-EEA countries in 2012 to allow time for negotiations with the ICAO towards a global market-based measure (MBM) for aviation emissions.<br \/>\nThe legislation was amended for the 2013-2016 period under Regulation (EU) No 421\/2014. This means that only flights within the EU, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein are covered under the EU ETS, pending the outcome of negotiations in ICAO for a global MBM to be agreed by 2016 and to be applied by 2020.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Background\"><\/span>Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Aviation is one of the fastest-growing sources of GHG emissions globally (and in the EU), accounting for roughly 3 % of total emissions. It is expected that, by 2020, the amount of GHGs released by aviation will be 70 % higher than in 2005, even after taking into account improved fuel efficiency.<\/p>\n<p>KEY TERMS<\/p>\n<p>The EU ETS is the cornerstone of the EU\u2019s policy to combat climate change and its key tool for reducing industrial GHG emissions cost-effectively. The first &#8211; and still by far the biggest &#8211; international system for trading GHG emission allowances, the EU ETS covers more than 11 000 power stations and industrial plants in the 28 EU countries (1), Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein, as well as emissions from aviation.<\/p>\n<p>The EU ETS works on the \u2018cap and trade\u2019 principle. A \u2018cap\u2019, or limit, is set on the total amount of certain GHG that can be emitted by the factories, power plants and other installations in the system. The cap is reduced over time so that total emissions fall. The system allows the trading of emission allowances so that the total emissions of the installations and aircraft operators stays within the cap and the least-cost measures can be taken up to reduce emissions.<\/p>\n<p>For more information, see reducing emissions from aviation on the European Commission\u2019s website.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span>References<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Act<\/p>\n<p>Entry into force<\/p>\n<p>Deadline for transposition in the Member States<\/p>\n<p>Official Journal<\/p>\n<p>Directive 2008\/101\/EC<\/p>\n<p>2.2.2009<\/p>\n<p>OJ L 8 of 13.1.2009, pp. 3-21<\/p>\n<p>RELATED ACTS<\/p>\n<p>Decision No 377\/2013\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 April 2013 derogating temporarily from Directive 2003\/87\/EC establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community (Official Journal L 113 of 25.4.2013, pp. 1-4).<\/p>\n<p>Regulation (EU) No 421\/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 amending Directive 2003\/87\/EC establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community, in view of the implementation by 2020 of an international agreement applying a single global market-based measure to international aviation emissions (Official Journal L 129 of 30.4.2014, pp. 1-4).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-17061\" data-postid=\"17061\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-17061 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n    <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Greenhouse gas emission allowance trading and aviation Taking into account the scale and global nature of the aviation industry and its impact on the environment, the EU takes action to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by aviation in Europe, whilst working with the international community through the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) to establish [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[235,233,215],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17061"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17061"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17061\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18767,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17061\/revisions\/18767"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17061"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17061"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17061"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}