{"id":17507,"date":"2022-09-15T06:52:38","date_gmt":"2022-09-15T06:52:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/legalblog.ie\/?p=17507"},"modified":"2022-09-24T21:57:29","modified_gmt":"2022-09-24T21:57:29","slug":"nuclear-agencies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/nuclear-agencies\/","title":{"rendered":"Nuclear Agencies [EU]"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_63 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/nuclear-agencies\/#Revised_Statutes_for_the_Euratom_Supply_Agency\" title=\"Revised Statutes for the Euratom Supply Agency\">Revised Statutes for the Euratom Supply Agency<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/nuclear-agencies\/#Key_Points\" title=\"Key Points\">Key Points<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/nuclear-agencies\/#Objectives_and_tasks\" title=\"Objectives and tasks\">Objectives and tasks<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/nuclear-agencies\/#Legal_status_and_HQ\" title=\"Legal status and HQ\">Legal status and HQ<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/nuclear-agencies\/#Director-General_and_staff\" title=\"Director-General and staff\">Director-General and staff<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/nuclear-agencies\/#Advisory_Committee\" title=\"Advisory Committee\">Advisory Committee<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/nuclear-agencies\/#Application_Background\" title=\"Application &amp; Background\">Application &amp; Background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/nuclear-agencies\/#MAIN_DOCUMENTS\" title=\"MAIN DOCUMENTS\">MAIN DOCUMENTS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/nuclear-agencies\/#Financial_cooperation_with_non-EU_countries_on_nuclear_safety_2021-2027\" title=\"Financial cooperation with non-EU countries on nuclear safety 2021-2027\">Financial cooperation with non-EU countries on nuclear safety 2021-2027<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/nuclear-agencies\/#Key_Points-2\" title=\"Key Points\">Key Points<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/nuclear-agencies\/#Application_Background-2\" title=\"Application &amp; Background\">Application &amp; Background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/nuclear-agencies\/#MAIN_DOCUMENT\" title=\"MAIN DOCUMENT\">MAIN DOCUMENT<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Revised_Statutes_for_the_Euratom_Supply_Agency\"><\/span>Revised Statutes for the Euratom Supply Agency<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Decision 2008\/114\/EC, Euratom establishing Statutes for the Euratom Supply Agency<\/p>\n<p>Article 52 of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Treaty<\/p>\n<p>It establishes Statutes for the Euratom Supply Agency (ESA), which was directly established by the Euratom Treaty of 1957, to take account of the increase in the number of EU countries as well as to modernise the Agency\u2019s financial rules and establish its headquarters in Luxembourg.<\/p>\n<p>Article 52 of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Treaty, which seeks to guarantee, by means of a common supply policy, a regular and equitable supply of nuclear materials to users in the EU countries, is the legal basis of ESA.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Points\"><\/span>Key Points<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>ESA is the body in the EU responsible for the management of supply and demand of:<\/p>\n<p>mineral ores;<br \/>\nsource materials (natural uranium, for example);<br \/>\nspecial fissile materials (enriched uranium and plutonium, for example).<br \/>\nESA has the exclusive right to \u2018conclude\u2019 (i.e. countersign) contracts relating to the supply of nuclear materials, as above, coming from both inside and outside the EU. It has also, under the Euratom Treaty, a right of option to acquire nuclear materials.<\/p>\n<p>ESA has legal personality (i.e. it is an independent entity in its own right).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Objectives_and_tasks\"><\/span>Objectives and tasks<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>ESA:<\/p>\n<p>receives all contracts relating to the supply of nuclear materials within the EU; following assessment, ESA\u2019s Director-General decides whether, or not, to grant the Agency\u2019s countersignature, which is a necessary condition for their validity;<br \/>\nis notified of all contracts relating to services provided in the nuclear sector.<br \/>\nIn addition, ESA:<\/p>\n<p>provides the EU with expertise, information and advice on the nuclear materials and services market;<br \/>\nmonitors the nuclear market and identifies market trends that could affect the security of the EU\u2019s supply of nuclear materials and services;<br \/>\npublishes annually a report of its activities in the previous year as well as its work programme for the coming year, which are both submitted to the European Parliament, the Council and the European Commission;<br \/>\nworks in close cooperation with its Advisory Committee.<\/p>\n<p>The ESA may also build up its own stock of nuclear materials. It is supervised by the Commission, which has the right to issue directives (i.e. instructions) to it and veto its decisions.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_status_and_HQ\"><\/span>Legal status and HQ<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>ESA:<\/p>\n<p>is non-profit making;<br \/>\nis based in Luxembourg;<br \/>\nmay on its own initiative take any further measures concerning its own internal organisation to carry out its tasks within and outside the EU;<br \/>\noperates under the most extensive legal capacity available under each EU country\u2019s laws and may, in particular, acquire or dispose of property and be a party to legal proceedings.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Director-General_and_staff\"><\/span>Director-General and staff<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The ESA\u2019s Director-General is responsible for:<\/p>\n<p>ensuring the performance of the Agency\u2019s tasks;<br \/>\nexercising the ESA\u2019s exclusive right to conclude supply contracts for nuclear materials and its right of option;<br \/>\nday-to-day administration and management of the Agency\u2019s resources;<br \/>\nkeeping the Agency\u2019s Advisory Committee regularly informed and consulting it on relevant matters;<br \/>\npreparing draft estimates of ESA revenue and expenditure, and execution of its budget;<br \/>\nconducting studies and producing reports (including an annual report) in cooperation with the Committee and their transmission to the European Parliament, the Council or the Commission.<br \/>\nThe Director-General and ESA staff are European Commission officials and are subject to security clearance.<\/p>\n<p>Finance<\/p>\n<p>ESA is:<\/p>\n<p>financially autonomous;<br \/>\nis directly governed by the financial rules which apply to the EU\u2019s general budget (currently, Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018\/1046).<br \/>\nThe Agency\u2019s revenue consists nowadays, exclusively of a contribution from the EU.<\/p>\n<p>ESA\u2019s budget is adopted by the Commission and becomes final following the definitive adoption of the general budget of the EU.<\/p>\n<p>Following Croatia&#8217;s accession to the EU, ESA\u2019s capital is set at \u20ac5,856,000, subscribed by individual EU countries. Luxembourg and Malta do not take part.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advisory_Committee\"><\/span>Advisory Committee<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>EU countries (with the exception of Luxembourg and Malta) each select between 1 and 4 representatives to the Advisory Committee, in line with the Agency\u2019s Statutes. The Committee members are appointed on the basis of their experience and expertise in nuclear materials trading or nuclear power generation or regulation.<\/p>\n<p>The Committee is normally convened by ESA\u2019s Director-General twice a year. It has to be consulted before important decisions (on matters listed in ESA\u2019s Statutes) are adopted by the Agency\u2019s Director-General.<\/p>\n<p>The Committee assists ESA by giving opinions and providing analyses and information.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Application_Background\"><\/span>Application &amp; Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>It has applied since March 2008 and, in its revised version following the accession of Croatia, since 1 July 2013.<\/p>\n<p>For more information, see:<\/p>\n<p>Euratom (European Commission)<br \/>\nEuratom Supply Agency (European Commission).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MAIN_DOCUMENTS\"><\/span>MAIN DOCUMENTS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Council Decision 2008\/114\/EC, Euratom of 12 February 2008 establishing Statutes for the Euratom Supply Agency (OJ L 41, 15.2.2008, pp. 15-20)<\/p>\n<p>Successive amendments to Decision 2008\/114\/EC, Euratom have been incorporated in the original text. This consolidated version is of documentary value only.<\/p>\n<p>Consolidated version of the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community \u2014 Title II \u2014 Provisions for the encouragement of progress in the field of nuclear energy \u2014 Chapter 6 \u2014 Supplies \u2014 Article 52 (OJ C 203, 7.6.2016, p. 24)<\/p>\n<p>RELATED DOCUMENTS<\/p>\n<p>Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018\/1046 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 July 2018 on the financial rules applicable to the general budget of the Union, amending Regulations (EU) No 1296\/2013, (EU) No 1301\/2013, (EU) No 1303\/2013, (EU) No 1304\/2013, (EU) No 1309\/2013, (EU) No 1316\/2013, (EU) No 223\/2014, (EU) No 283\/2014, and Decision No 541\/2014\/EU and repealing Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 966\/2012 (OJ L 193, 30.7.2018, pp. 1-222)<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Financial_cooperation_with_non-EU_countries_on_nuclear_safety_2021-2027\"><\/span>Financial cooperation with non-EU countries on nuclear safety 2021-2027<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Regulation (Euratom) 2021\/948 establishing a European Instrument for International Nuclear Safety Cooperation complementing the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument \u2014 Global Europe<\/p>\n<p>It establishes the European Instrument for International Nuclear Safety Cooperation. This runs for the duration of the European Union (EU)\u2019s multiannual financial framework (MFF) from 2021 to 2027. It sets out the programme\u2019s:<\/p>\n<p>general and specific objectives<br \/>\namount, forms and rules of EU funding.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Points-2\"><\/span>Key Points<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The regulation\u2019s general objectives are to:<\/p>\n<p>support a high level of nuclear safety, radiation protection and application of efficient and effective nuclear material safeguards in non-EU countries;<br \/>\nbuild on EU activities within relevant European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) legislation;<br \/>\nencourage transparency of nuclear-related decisions in non-EU countries.<\/p>\n<p>The instrument\u2019s specific objectives are to promote:<\/p>\n<p>an effective nuclear safety and radiation protection culture with the highest implementation standards and continuous improvement;<br \/>\nthe responsible and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste and the decommissioning of former nuclear sites and installations;<br \/>\nefficient and effective nuclear material safeguards in non-EU countries.<\/p>\n<p>The 7-year budget to implement the programme is \u20ac300 million (current prices). This may be used for:<\/p>\n<p>grants<br \/>\nprocurement contracts for services or supplies<br \/>\nremuneration of external experts<br \/>\nblending*.<\/p>\n<p>Multiannual programmes:<\/p>\n<p>provide the framework for cooperation between the EU and non-EU countries and regions;<br \/>\nindicate the EU\u2019s goals in line with its own priorities, its partners\u2019 needs and activities, and the international situation;<br \/>\nexplain the added value of initiatives and how they avoid duplication with other programmes;<br \/>\nset out priority areas for financing, specific objectives, expected results and performance indicators;<br \/>\nare based on a dialogue with partner countries and relevant stakeholders.<\/p>\n<p>The European Commission adopts:<\/p>\n<p>the multiannual programmes, after consulting the European Nuclear Safety Regulators Group when relevant, revising them \u2014 and updating if necessary \u2014 at least 4 years after they are adopted;<br \/>\nannual action plans based on the multiannual programmes and special and support measures, which specify for each non-EU country or region the<br \/>\nobjectives, management procedures and projects to be financed<br \/>\nindicative timetable, expected results and main activities<\/p>\n<p>The eligibility criteria for finance from the instrument:<\/p>\n<p>give priority to people and entities from countries (acceding, candidate and potential candidate) that are eligible to apply for EU membership and to its closest eastern and southern neighbours in the European neighbourhood policy and enlargement negotiations;<br \/>\nallow international organisations and legal entities established in a long list of countries to participate in procurement, grant and prize-award procedures.<\/p>\n<p>Non-EU countries wishing to cooperate with the EU must:<\/p>\n<p>have ratified the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons;<br \/>\nimplement an additional protocol or have concluded a safeguards agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency;<br \/>\nsubscribe fully to the fundamental safety principles stipulated in International Atomic Energy Agency safety standards;<br \/>\nbe party to or in the process to join the relevant conventions, such as the Convention on Nuclear Safety (see summary) and the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management;<br \/>\nadhere to the principle of transparency and public information.<\/p>\n<p>The regulation makes it clear that EU cooperation on nuclear safety and security does not aim to promote nuclear energy.<\/p>\n<p>Cooperation under the regulation:<\/p>\n<p>targets:<br \/>\nnuclear safety regulatory authorities and technical support organisations<br \/>\nnational agencies in charge of safe management of radioactive waste<br \/>\nnational stakeholders responsible for accounting and controlling nuclear material<br \/>\nnuclear power plant operators;<br \/>\ncovers:<br \/>\nstrengthening regulatory framework procedures and systems<br \/>\nestablishing effective arrangements to prevent accidents with radiological consequences<br \/>\ndeveloping and implementing the safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste<br \/>\nsupporting practical protective measures to reduce radiation-related risks to workers and to the public<br \/>\ndevising strategies to decommission nuclear installations, remediate former sites and recover and manage radioactive objects and material, including in the sea<br \/>\ncreating a regulatory framework to implement nuclear safeguards<br \/>\ntraining personnel<br \/>\nproviding equipment to nuclear plant operators in exceptional and duly justified cases.<\/p>\n<p>Monitoring measures to assess the impact of the instrument are based on the following indicators:<\/p>\n<p>legal and regulatory acts prepared;<br \/>\ndesign, concept or feasibility studies to achieve the highest standards of nuclear safety;<br \/>\nresults of nuclear safety, radiation protection and effective safeguard improvement measures.<\/p>\n<p>The instrument:<\/p>\n<p>must be consistent with the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument \u2014 Global Europe, established by Regulation (EU) 2021\/947 (see summary), EU common foreign and security policy activities and other relevant policies and programmes;<br \/>\nmay be financially supported by other EU programmes, provided the contributions do not cover the same costs;<br \/>\nrepeals Regulation (Euratom) No 237\/2014.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Application_Background-2\"><\/span>Application &amp; Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>It has applied since 1 January 2021.<\/p>\n<p>Wherever nuclear energy is produced, the entire process, including disposing of radioactive waste and decommissioning power stations, must be done in a safe and secure way.<\/p>\n<p>The EU uses its extensive experience in this area to help other countries achieve the highest standards of safety.<\/p>\n<p>The regulation aims to increase the coherence and effectiveness of the EU\u2019s external policies in order to implement the new international framework established by the United Nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development, the global strategy for the European Union\u2019s foreign and security policy (see summary), the new European consensus on development (see summary) and Regulation (EU) 2021\/947 establishing the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument (see summary).<\/p>\n<p>KEY TERMS<\/p>\n<p>Blending: using limited grants to mobilise finance from institutions and the private sector to increase the development impact of investment projects.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MAIN_DOCUMENT\"><\/span>MAIN DOCUMENT<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Council Regulation (Euratom) 2021\/948 of 27 May 2021 establishing a European Instrument for International Nuclear Safety Cooperation complementing the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument \u2014 Global Europe on the basis of the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community, and repealing Regulation (Euratom) No 237\/2014 (OJ L 209, 14.6.2021, pp. 79-90)<\/p>\n<p>RELATED DOCUMENTS<\/p>\n<p>Joint statement by the Council and the representatives of the governments of the Member States meeting within the Council, the European Parliament and the Commission (OJ C 210, 30.6.2017, pp. 1-24)<\/p>\n<p>Shared Vision, Common Action: A stronger Europe \u2014 A global strategy for the European Union\u2019s foreign and security policy (June 2016, European External Action Service (EEAS))<\/p>\n<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-17507\" data-postid=\"17507\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-17507 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n    <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Revised Statutes for the Euratom Supply Agency Decision 2008\/114\/EC, Euratom establishing Statutes for the Euratom Supply Agency Article 52 of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Treaty It establishes Statutes for the Euratom Supply Agency (ESA), which was directly established by the Euratom Treaty of 1957, to take account of the increase in the number [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[119,215],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17507"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17507"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17507\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18441,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17507\/revisions\/18441"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}