{"id":18035,"date":"2022-09-22T19:35:17","date_gmt":"2022-09-22T19:35:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/legalblog.ie\/?p=18035"},"modified":"2023-08-27T16:47:34","modified_gmt":"2023-08-27T16:47:34","slug":"refugee-institutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/","title":{"rendered":"Refugee Institutions [EU]"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_63 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Mutual_information_mechanism_for_national_asylum_and_immigration_measures\" title=\"Mutual information mechanism for national asylum and immigration measures\">Mutual information mechanism for national asylum and immigration measures<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Information_sharing_and_transmission\" title=\"Information sharing and transmission\">Information sharing and transmission<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Development_and_management_of_the_network\" title=\"Development and management of the network\">Development and management of the network<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Evaluation\" title=\"Evaluation\">Evaluation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Application_Background\" title=\"Application &amp; Background\">Application &amp; Background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#MAIN_DOCUMENT\" title=\"MAIN DOCUMENT\">MAIN DOCUMENT<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#European_Asylum_Support_Office\" title=\"European Asylum Support Office\">European Asylum Support Office<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Supporting_the_cooperation_of_Member_States_on_asylum_matters\" title=\"Supporting the cooperation of Member States on asylum matters\">Supporting the cooperation of Member States on asylum matters<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Support_for_Member_Statessubject_to_specific_pressure\" title=\"Support for Member Statessubject to specific pressure\">Support for Member Statessubject to specific pressure<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Implementation_of_the_Common_European_Asylum_System_CEAS\" title=\"Implementation of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS)\">Implementation of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#References\" title=\"References\">References<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Act\" title=\"Act\">Act<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#European_Union_Agency_for_Asylum\" title=\"European Union Agency for Asylum\">European Union Agency for Asylum<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Objectives\" title=\"Objectives\">Objectives<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Tasks\" title=\"Tasks\">Tasks<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Organisation_and_structure\" title=\"Organisation and structure\">Organisation and structure<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Application_Background-2\" title=\"Application &amp; Background\">Application &amp; Background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#MAIN_DOCUMENT-2\" title=\"MAIN DOCUMENT\">MAIN DOCUMENT<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Asylum_Migration_and_Integration_Fund_AMIF\" title=\"Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF)\">Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Specific_actions\" title=\"Specific actions\">Specific actions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#References-2\" title=\"References\">References<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Aylum_Migration_and_Integration_Fund_2021-2027\" title=\"Aylum, Migration and Integration Fund (2021-2027)\">Aylum, Migration and Integration Fund (2021-2027)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Objectives-2\" title=\"Objectives\">Objectives<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Budget_and_allocation_of_funds\" title=\"Budget and allocation of funds\">Budget and allocation of funds<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Resettlement_humanitarian_admission_and_relocation\" title=\"Resettlement, humanitarian admission and relocation\">Resettlement, humanitarian admission and relocation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Non-EU_countries\" title=\"Non-EU countries\">Non-EU countries<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#MAIN_DOCUMENT-3\" title=\"MAIN DOCUMENT\">MAIN DOCUMENT<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#The_European_Migration_Network\" title=\"The European Migration Network\">The European Migration Network<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Key_Points\" title=\"Key Points\">Key Points<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#References-3\" title=\"References\">References<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Immigration_liaison_officers_network\" title=\"Immigration liaison officers\u2019 network\">Immigration liaison officers\u2019 network<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Key_Points-2\" title=\"Key Points\">Key Points<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Tasks_of_immigration_liaison_officers\" title=\"Tasks of immigration liaison officers\">Tasks of immigration liaison officers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Steering_Board\" title=\"Steering Board\">Steering Board<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#Application_Background-3\" title=\"Application &amp; Background\">Application &amp; Background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/refugee-institutions\/#MAIN_DOCUMENT-4\" title=\"MAIN DOCUMENT\">MAIN DOCUMENT<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mutual_information_mechanism_for_national_asylum_and_immigration_measures\"><\/span>Mutual information mechanism for national asylum and immigration measures<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Decision 2006\/688\/EC establishing a mutual information mechanism concerning EU countries&#8217; measures in the areas of asylum and immigration<\/p>\n<p>It aims to improve the sharing of information between EU countries concerning national asylum and immigration measures.<\/p>\n<p>It sets up a formal information procedure between EU countries and the European Commission, with the aim of improving the coordination of immigration and asylum policies between EU countries.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Information_sharing_and_transmission\"><\/span>Information sharing and transmission<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The mutual information mechanism (MIM) permits the sharing of information between the Commission and EU countries concerning national laws on asylum and immigration.<\/p>\n<p>EU countries are required to transmit the measures they intend to take or have recently taken:<\/p>\n<p>through a web-based network; and<br \/>\nusing the report form annexed to the decision.<\/p>\n<p>This information should be transmitted as soon as possible and at the latest when it becomes publicly available.<\/p>\n<p>EU countries are required to communicate to the Commission and the other EU countries only measures that are likely to have a significant impact:<\/p>\n<p>in other EU countries;<br \/>\nat the level of the EU as a whole.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Development_and_management_of_the_network\"><\/span>Development and management of the network<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Commission is responsible for developing and managing the network. In setting up the network, it was to make use of the existing technical platform of the trans-European telematic network for the exchange of information between EU country authorities (known as CIRCA). The network allows the Commission and EU countries to request from one or more countries additional information on measures communicated.<\/p>\n<p>Any specific national measure notified in this way may give rise to an exchange of views between EU country experts and the Commission.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to these technical discussions, each year, the Commission must prepare a report summarising the most relevant information transmitted by EU countries. This report is submitted to the European Parliament and the Council for use as the basis of ministerial discussions on national asylum and immigration policies.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Evaluation\"><\/span>Evaluation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Commission published a report in 2009 evaluating the MIM\u2019s operation. Between April 2007 and 30 September 2009, only 16 EU countries had transmitted information via the MIM on only 45 measures. No communications were made on final decisions of the highest courts or tribunals.<\/p>\n<p>The format in which the communications were made was rarely homogeneous, with the reporting form annexed to the decision not always being used.<\/p>\n<p>At times, only the English title and the text in the original language were provided, resulting in problems of comprehension. There were also differences in the content of the reporting forms submitted: some were fairly comprehensive, while others only provided a cursory description without an indication of the nature of the measure.<\/p>\n<p>The report concluded that MIM had not fulfilled its objectives since the quantity of information submitted was nominal. However, since it had only been operational for a short period, the Commission considered it premature to propose amendments to the decision.<\/p>\n<p>The Mutual information mechanism for national asylum and immigration measures was not activated by either the Commission nor the EU countries, not even during the two years of the very high influx of migrants into Europe, in 2015 and 2016. Instead, the EU countries (European Union Presidencies) seemed to prefer to use the European Union crisis information mechanism to exchange data about migration flows. This request for information was then gradually taken over by the relevant European Union Agencies, EASO and FRONTEX, who today provide the bulk of the migration data needed for today&#8217;s migration flow. Further information about important developments in the migration field in EU countries is regularly updated through the European Migration Network\u2019s news bulletins that are regularly produced each quarter.<\/p>\n<p>Nonetheless, it cannot be excluded that the MIM mechanism may prove useful in future migration information exchanges between the EU countries and the European Commission and therefore its existence is still justifiable.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Application_Background\"><\/span>Application &amp; Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>It has applied since 3 November 2006.<\/p>\n<p>National measures in the areas of immigration and asylum are likely to have an impact on other EU countries. This is due to:<\/p>\n<p>the absence of border checks in the Schengen area;<br \/>\nthe close economic and social relations between EU countries; and<br \/>\nthe development of common visa, immigration and asylum policies.<\/p>\n<p>For more information, see:<\/p>\n<p>European Migration Network at the national level (European Commission).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MAIN_DOCUMENT\"><\/span>MAIN DOCUMENT<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Council Decision 2006\/688\/EC of 5 October 2006 on the establishment of a mutual information mechanism concerning Member States\u2019 measures in the areas of asylum and immigration (OJ L 283, 14.10.2006, pp. 40-43)<\/p>\n<p>RELATED DOCUMENT<\/p>\n<p>Report from the Commission pursuant to Article 4 and Article 5 of the Council Decision of 5 October 2006 on the establishment of a mutual information mechanism concerning Member States\u2019 measures in the areas of asylum and immigration (COM(2009) 687 final, 17.12.2009)<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"European_Asylum_Support_Office\"><\/span>European Asylum Support Office<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Regulation (EU) No 439\/2010 establishes a European Asylum Support Office to strengthen cooperation between the Member States in this area and assist them in coping with crisis situations.<\/p>\n<p>Regulation (EU) No 439\/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 establishing a European Asylum Support Office.<\/p>\n<p>The European Asylum Support Office (EASO) is a European Union (EU) agency in operation since 2011. Its function is to:<\/p>\n<p>boost the cooperation of Member States on asylum matters;<br \/>\nsupport the Member States whose asylum and reception systems are under particular pressure;<br \/>\nimprove the implementation of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS).<br \/>\nIceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland should shortly be joining EASO as associate countries, once the agreements negotiated by the EU with each of them have been ratified.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Supporting_the_cooperation_of_Member_States_on_asylum_matters\"><\/span>Supporting the cooperation of Member States on asylum matters<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The EASO role in this field consists of:<\/p>\n<p>encouraging the exchange and pooling of good practices between the Member States;<br \/>\norganising activities relating to the gathering, analysis and availability of information on the countries of origin of people applying for international protection;<br \/>\nfacilitating, when necessary, the relocation of beneficiaries of international protection within the Union;<br \/>\nestablishing and developing training available to members of all national administrations and courts and tribunals, and national services responsible for asylum matters in the Member States;<br \/>\ngathering useful information to identify the risks of massive influx of asylum seekers and the ability of States concerned to react, in order to activate early warning systems and prepare any emergency measures required to cope with these pressures.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Support_for_Member_Statessubject_to_specific_pressure\"><\/span>Support for Member Statessubject to specific pressure<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>EASO coordinates emergency aid to Member States whose reception facilities and asylum systems are subject to exceptionally heavy pressures, by providing temporary support and assistance.<\/p>\n<p>This aid involves mainly the deployment, in the Member States so requesting it, of asylumsupport teams who provide expertise relating to interpreting services, information on countries of origin and knowledge of the handling and management of asylum cases.<\/p>\n<p>When EASO decides to deploy one or more asylum support teams, it draws up an operating plan in conjunction with the requesting Member State, to define:<\/p>\n<p>the modus operandi and deployment goals;<br \/>\nits foreseeable duration;<br \/>\nthe geographical area where the teams will be deployed;<br \/>\nthe composition of teams and the tasks of their members.<br \/>\nThe support team experts are made available by the Member States and are part of the EASO Asylum Intervention Pool.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Implementation_of_the_Common_European_Asylum_System_CEAS\"><\/span>Implementation of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>EASO contributes to the implementation of CEAS both inside and outside the European Union.<\/p>\n<p>In terms of the internal dimension of CEAS, the EASO contribution is mainly to:<\/p>\n<p>gather information relating to the processing of requests for international protection in the Member States and national legislations in asylum matters; and<br \/>\nwrite an annual report of the European asylum situation and prepare, if necessary, technical documents on implementing EU asylum instruments.<br \/>\nIn terms of the external dimension of CEAS, EASO is especially responsible for:<\/p>\n<p>coordinating the exchange of information and actions undertaken by the Member States under the relocation of refugees originating from third countries;<br \/>\ncooperating with third countries to promote and assist capacity building in their own asylum and reception facilities and to implement regional protection programmes.<br \/>\nEASO structure and governance<\/p>\n<p>The Management Board is EASO\u2019s planning and monitoring authority. It is composed of representatives of the EU Member States and associated countries, the European Commission and a representative of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).<\/p>\n<p>The Executive Director is appointed by the Management Board and is in charge of the day-to-day management of the agency. He is its legal representative.<\/p>\n<p>The Consultative Forum is a space for ongoing bilateral dialogue, exchange of information and pooling of knowledge between EASO and the civil society. It brings together experts on various aspects of asylum.<\/p>\n<p>The office acquires its income mainly through a contribution registered in the overall EU budget and contributions from associated countries.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span>References<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Act\"><\/span>Act<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Entry into force<\/p>\n<p>Deadline for transposition in the Member States<\/p>\n<p>Official journal<\/p>\n<p>Regulation (EU) No 439\/2010<\/p>\n<p>18.6.2010<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n<p>OJ L 132, 29.5.2010<\/p>\n<p>RELATED ACTS<\/p>\n<p>Decision 2010\/762\/EU of the representatives of the governments of the Member States, meeting within the Council, of 25 February 2010 determining the seat of the European Asylum Support Office (OJ L 324, 9.12.2010).<\/p>\n<p>This decision establishes the seat of the European Asylum Support Office at Valletta, Malta.<\/p>\n<p>Council Decision2014\/185\/EU of 11 February 2014 on the signing, on behalf of the Union, of the Arrangement between the European Union and the Swiss Confederation on the modalities of its participation in the European Asylum Support Office (OJ L 102, 5.4.2014).<\/p>\n<p>Council Decision2014\/186\/EU of 11 February 2014 on the signing, on behalf of the Union, of the Arrangement between the European Union and the Principality of Liechtenstein on the modalities of its participation in the European Asylum Support Office (OJ L 102, 5.4.2014).<\/p>\n<p>Council Decision2014\/194\/EU of 11 February 2014 on the signing, on behalf of the Union, of the Arrangement between the European Union and the Republic of Iceland on the modalities of its participation in the European Asylum Support Office (OJ L 106, 9.4.2014).<\/p>\n<p>Council Decision2014\/204\/EU of 11 February 2014 on the signing, on behalf of the Union, and the provisional application of the Arrangement between the European Union and the Kingdom of Norway on the modalities of its participation in the European Asylum Support Office (OJ L 109, 12.4.2014).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"European_Union_Agency_for_Asylum\"><\/span>European Union Agency for Asylum<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Regulation (EU) 2021\/2303 on the European Union Agency for Asylum<\/p>\n<p>It aims to improve the application of asylum policy within the European Union (EU), by turning the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) into a fully-fledged EU agency.<br \/>\nRegulation (EU) 2021\/2303 repeals Regulation (EU) No 439\/2010, which covered EASO.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Objectives\"><\/span>Objectives<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) has several objectives:<\/p>\n<p>to help ensure that EU asylum law is applied effectively and uniformly in EU Member States and in a way that fully respects fundamental rights;<br \/>\nto assist and support Member States in implementing the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) to prevent or identify weaknesses in national asylum and reception systems, in particular by providing operational and technical assistance;<br \/>\nto improve the functioning of the CEAS;<br \/>\nto ensure a common high-level application of CEAS standards through training of national asylum and reception officials.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tasks\"><\/span>Tasks<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In pursuit of these objectives, the regulation sets the EUAA a number of specific tasks, including to:<\/p>\n<p>assist Member States with receiving and registering applications for international protection;<br \/>\nassist with the relocation or transfer of applicants or beneficiaries of international protection within the EU;<br \/>\nset up and coordinate EU networks on non-EU country information;<br \/>\nassist Member States in identifying applicants requiring special procedural guarantees or those with special reception needs, or other persons in vulnerable situations, including unaccompanied minors.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Organisation_and_structure\"><\/span>Organisation and structure<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>To carry out these tasks the regulation also sets out mechanisms, systems and procedures enabling the EUAA to assist Member States in covering various aspects of asylum policy:<\/p>\n<p>practical cooperation and information on asylum \u2013 includes information gathering and analysis, and the exchange of information between Member States, and between Member States and the European Commission;<br \/>\ncountry information and guidance \u2013 includes setting up an EU network on non-EU country information;<br \/>\noperational standards and guidance \u2013 the agency will set operational standards, indicators, guidelines and best practices;<br \/>\nmonitoring \u2013 the agency will prepare the establishment of a monitoring mechanism to assess how the CEAS is being applied from technical and operational perspectives;<br \/>\noperational and technical assistance \u2013 such as organising joint initiatives between Member States to process asylum applications and setting up a permanent asylum reserve pool of at least 500 experts who could be deployed immediately;<br \/>\nestablishing the role of an independent fundamental rights officer to ensure that the rights of asylum applicants are safeguarded;<br \/>\ninformation exchange and data protection \u2013 includes ensuring the exchange of information between Member States, the Commission and other EU bodies and agencies;<br \/>\norganisation of the agency \u2013 includes the administrative and management structure and the composition of the Management Board.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Application_Background-2\"><\/span>Application &amp; Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>It has applied since 19 January 2022.<\/p>\n<p>For more information, see:<\/p>\n<p>European Union Agency for Asylum.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MAIN_DOCUMENT-2\"><\/span>MAIN DOCUMENT<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Regulation (EU) 2021\/2303 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 2021 on the European Union Agency for Asylum and repealing Regulation (EU) No 439\/2010 (OJ L 468, 30.12.2021, pp. 1\u201354).<\/p>\n<p>RELATED DOCUMENTS<br \/>\nRegulation (EU) 2021\/1134 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 July 2021 amending Regulations (EC) No 767\/2008, (EC) No 810\/2009, (EU) 2016\/399, (EU) 2017\/2226, (EU) 2018\/1240, (EU) 2018\/1860, (EU) 2018\/1861, (EU) 2019\/817 and (EU) 2019\/1896 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council Decisions 2004\/512\/EC and 2008\/633\/JHA, for the purpose of reforming the Visa Information System (OJ L 248, 13.7.2021, pp. 11\u201387).<\/p>\n<p>Regulation (EU) 2019\/1896 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 November 2019 on the European Border and Coast Guard and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1052\/2013 and (EU) 2016\/1624 (OJ L 295, 14.11.2019, pp. 1\u2013131).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Asylum_Migration_and_Integration_Fund_AMIF\"><\/span>Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>This regulation establishes the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund. This fund aims to contribute to the efficient management of migration flows and improve the implementation and development of the EU\u2019s common policy on immigration and asylum.<\/p>\n<p>Regulation (EU) No 516\/2014 of 16 April 2014 establishing the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund, amending Council Decision 2008\/381\/EC and repealing Decisions No 573\/2007\/EC and No 575\/2007\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Decision 2007\/435\/EC.<\/p>\n<p>The EU\u2019s Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF) has four main objectives:<\/p>\n<p>strengthening and developing all aspects of the Common European Asylum System, including its external dimension;<br \/>\nsupporting legal migration to the Member States in accordance with their economic and social needs, such as labour market needs, and promoting the effective integration of nationals from non-EU countries;<br \/>\nenhancing return strategies in the Member States with an emphasis on the sustainability of return and effective readmission in the countries of origin;<br \/>\nenhancing solidarity and responsibility sharing between the Member States, in particular towards those most affected by migration and asylum flows.<br \/>\nAll EU countries (except Denmark, which is not participating in this fund) prepare national programmes outlining the actions through which they intend to achieve the objectives set out in the AMIF regulation.<\/p>\n<p>Examples of actions include measures to support:<\/p>\n<p>reception and asylum systems (such as improved administrative structures, training of staff dealing with asylum procedures, developing alternatives to detention, etc.);<br \/>\nintegration measures with a focus on the local level (such as provision of training and services to non-EU nationals, sharing best practices among EU countries, etc.);<br \/>\nvoluntary return programmes, reintegration measures, etc.<br \/>\nWhile most of the fund\u2019s budget is allocated to the national programmes, part is used for EU-level actions (so-called Union actions), emergency assistance, the European Migration Network and technical assistance at the initiative of the European Commission.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Specific_actions\"><\/span>Specific actions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In addition to their national programme allocation, Member States may receive an additional amount for the implementation of specific actions. These actions (listed in Annex II), require Member States to cooperate with each other and generate significant added value for the EU.<\/p>\n<p>Union resettlement programme<\/p>\n<p>Each Member State may also receive, every 2 years, an additional amount based on a lump sum of \u20ac6,000 for each resettled person, which will be increased to \u20ac10,000 for common priorities (such as regional protection programmes) and vulnerable groups of persons.<\/p>\n<p>Budget<\/p>\n<p>The financial envelope for the implementation of the fund for 2014-20 is set at \u20ac3.137 billion at current prices.<\/p>\n<p>Details regarding the implementation of the fund are to be found in Regulation (EU) No 514\/2014.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References-2\"><\/span>References<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Act<\/p>\n<p>Entry into force<\/p>\n<p>Deadline for transposition in the Member States<\/p>\n<p>Official Journal<\/p>\n<p>Regulation (EU) No 516\/2014<\/p>\n<p>21.5.2014<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n<p>OJ L 150 of 20.5.2014<\/p>\n<p>RELATED ACTS<\/p>\n<p>Regulation (EU) No 514\/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 laying down general provisions on the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund and on the instrument for financial support for police cooperation, preventing and combating crime, and crisis management (Official Journal L 150 of 20 May 2014).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aylum_Migration_and_Integration_Fund_2021-2027\"><\/span>Aylum, Migration and Integration Fund (2021-2027)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Regulation (EU) 2021\/1147 establishing the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund<\/p>\n<p>It establishes the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund, which aims to contribute to the efficient management of migration flows and to help implement, strengthen and develop the common asylum and immigration policies of the European Union (EU).<\/p>\n<p>The regulation setting up the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF) 2021-2027 is one of several regulations adopted by the EU in the area of freedom, justice and security. These include:<\/p>\n<p>Regulation (EU) 2021\/1148 establishing, as part of the Integrated Border Management Fund, the Instrument for Financial Support for Border Management and Visa Policy (see summary);<br \/>\nRegulation (EU) 2021\/1149 establishing the Internal Security Fund (see summary).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Objectives-2\"><\/span>Objectives<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The fund has 4 specific objectives:<\/p>\n<p>strengthening and developing the Common European Asylum System, including its external dimension;<br \/>\nstrengthening and developing legal migration to EU Member States, which includes promoting integration and social inclusion;<br \/>\ncontributing to efforts countering illegal migration and enhancing safe and dignified return and readmission;<br \/>\nenhancing solidarity and the sharing of responsibility between Member States.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Budget_and_allocation_of_funds\"><\/span>Budget and allocation of funds<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The fund has a budget of \u20ac9.882 billion for the period of 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2027, the duration of the multiannual financial framework.<br \/>\n\u20ac6.270 billion is allocated to Member State programmes and \u20ac3.612 billion to the \u2018thematic facility\u2019, which has several components including<br \/>\nspecific actions<br \/>\ndirect management actions at EU level<br \/>\nemergency assistance, resettlement and relocation<br \/>\nthe European Migration Network.<\/p>\n<p>Each Member State receives a fixed sum of \u20ac8 million at the beginning of the programming period, with the exception of Cyprus, Greece and Malta which receive \u20ac28 million each.<br \/>\nThe remaining allocation is divided as follows<br \/>\n35% for asylum<br \/>\n30% for legal migration and integration<br \/>\n35% for illegal migration and returns.<\/p>\n<p>Member States must allocate at least 15% of their allocation to the asylum and legal migration and integration objectives.<br \/>\na minimum of 20% of the thematic facility should be assigned to the solidarity objective.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Resettlement_humanitarian_admission_and_relocation\"><\/span>Resettlement, humanitarian admission and relocation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The fund grants lump sums to Member States for the following cases:<\/p>\n<p>\u20ac10,000 for each person admitted through resettlement, including family members;<br \/>\n\u20ac6,000 for each person admitted through humanitarian admission, with the amount increased to \u20ac8,000 for vulnerable persons \u2014 family members may also be eligible;<br \/>\n\u20ac10,000 for each applicant \/ beneficiary of international protection transferred from one Member State to another, including family members.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Non-EU_countries\"><\/span>Non-EU countries<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The fund can support actions in or in relation to non-EU countries if they:<br \/>\ncontribute to the fund\u2019s objectives;<br \/>\nare not development-oriented;<br \/>\nare coordinated with other EU actions; and<br \/>\nare consistent with the EU\u2019s priorities and external policy.<br \/>\nSpecific actions concerning cooperation with non-EU countries and reintegration assistance can be supported through the thematic facility.<br \/>\nNon-EU countries can also be associated with the fund, subject to specific guarantees and agreements.<\/p>\n<p>Application<br \/>\nIt has applied since 1 January 2021.<\/p>\n<p>For more information, see:<\/p>\n<p>Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (European Commission).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MAIN_DOCUMENT-3\"><\/span>MAIN DOCUMENT<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Regulation (EU) 2021\/1147 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 July 2021 establishing the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (OJ L 251, 15.7.2021, pp. 1-47)<\/p>\n<p>RELATED DOCUMENTS<br \/>\nRegulation (EU) 2021\/1148 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 July 2021 establishing, as part of the Integrated Border Management Fund, the Instrument for Financial Support for Border Management and Visa Policy (OJ L 251, 15.7.2021, pp. 48-93)<\/p>\n<p>Regulation (EU) 2021\/1149 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 July 2021 establishing the Internal Security Fund (OJ L 251, 15.7.2021, pp. 94-131)<\/p>\n<p>Directive 2008\/115\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on common standards and procedures in Member States for returning illegally staying third-country nationals (OJ L 348, 24.12.2008, pp. 98-107)<\/p>\n<p>Council Decision 2008\/381\/EC of 14 May 2008 establishing a European Migration Network (OJ L 131, 21.5.2008, pp. 7-12)<\/p>\n<p>Successive amendments to Council Decision 2008\/381\/EC have been incorporated in the original text. This consolidated version is of documentary value only.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_European_Migration_Network\"><\/span>The European Migration Network<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>European Migration Network \u2014 Council Decision 2008\/381\/EC<\/p>\n<p>It establishes the European Migration Network (EMN), which aims to give up-to-date, objective, reliable and comparable information on migration and asylum to the EU institutions, EU countries, and the general public.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Points\"><\/span>Key Points<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u2014To achieve its objective, the EMN, in collaboration with other relevant EU bodies, collects and analyses data from a wide range of sources. It then produces reports and studies on the migration and asylum situation in the EU and its countries, which are shared on its information exchange system.<\/p>\n<p>The European Commission coordinates EMN work in cooperation with national contact points (EMN NCPs), which are appointed in each EU country and are responsible for developing a national network. Each EMN NCP is comprised of at least three asylum and migration experts covering the disciplines of policy-making, law, research and statistics.<\/p>\n<p>Other EMN NCP responsibilities include:<br \/>\n\u2014attending EMN meetings in order to exchange data and views and provide input for the development of a work programme;<br \/>\n\u2014preparing national reports and providing information via the information exchange system;<br \/>\n\u2014helping to develop the EMN glossary and thesaurus; and<br \/>\n\u2014developing capacity to respond to ad hoc queries.<\/p>\n<p>The EMN Steering Board (chaired by the Commission, and comprised of representatives from each EU country and an observer from the European Parliament) ensures that the EMN\u2019s work is aligned with EU political priorities.<\/p>\n<p>The EMN is funded by the European Commission. Specifically, the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund provides the financial resources for the activities and future development of the EMN.<br \/>\nBACKGROUND<\/p>\n<p>The preparatory stage of the EMN started in 2003 in order to address the need to exchange information on all aspects of migration and to contribute to a common asylum and immigration policy. The Hague programme further reinforced the need for a common analysis of migration, which built momentum for the European Commission proposal for this Council decision formally establishing the EMN.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References-3\"><\/span>References<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Council Decision 2008\/381\/EC of 14 May 2008 establishing a European Migration Network<\/p>\n<p>REFERENCES<\/p>\n<p>Act<\/p>\n<p>Entry into force<\/p>\n<p>Deadline for transposition in the Member States<\/p>\n<p>Official Journal<\/p>\n<p>Decision 2008\/381\/EC<\/p>\n<p>21.5.2008<\/p>\n<p>\u2013<\/p>\n<p>OJ L 131, 21.5.2008, pp. 7-12<\/p>\n<p>Amending act(s)<\/p>\n<p>Entry into force<\/p>\n<p>Deadline for transposition in the Member States<\/p>\n<p>Official Journal<\/p>\n<p>Regulation (EU) No 516\/2014<\/p>\n<p>1.1.2014<\/p>\n<p>\u2013<\/p>\n<p>OJ L 150, 20.5.2014, pp. 168-194<\/p>\n<p>last update 22.10.2015<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Immigration_liaison_officers_network\"><\/span>Immigration liaison officers\u2019 network<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Regulation (EU) 2019\/1240 \u2014 creation of a European network of immigration liaison officers<\/p>\n<p>EU migration policy aims to replace irregular and uncontrolled migration with migration that is safe and well-managed, through a comprehensive approach aimed at ensuring efficient migration management.<\/p>\n<p>The regulation lays down rules aiming to ensure good cooperation, coordination and exchange of information among immigration liaison officers* deployed to non-EU countries by EU countries, the European Commission and EU agencies, through a European network of immigration liaison officers.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Points-2\"><\/span>Key Points<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The regulation creates a European network of immigration liaison officers to assist in better migration management in order to meet the following EU priorities:<\/p>\n<p>preventing and combating illegal immigration and related cross-border crime, such as migrant smuggling and human trafficking;<br \/>\ncarrying out dignified and effective return*, readmission* and reintegration*;<br \/>\nmanaging legal immigration, including international protection, resettlement, admission procedures and pre-departure integration measures taken by EU countries and the EU.<br \/>\nLocal or regional networks of immigration liaison officers<\/p>\n<p>Immigration liaison officers, deployed to the same countries or regions, constitute local or regional cooperation networks. Where necessary and appropriate, they will:<\/p>\n<p>share information and practical experience, including through regular meetings and a secure web-based information exchange platform;<br \/>\nshare information regarding access to international protection;<br \/>\ncoordinate positions on contacts with commercial carriers;<br \/>\nattend joint specialised training courses, including on fundamental rights, human trafficking, migrant smuggling, document fraud and access to international protection in non-EU countries;<br \/>\norganise information sessions and training courses for diplomatic and consular staff on missions in non-EU countries;<br \/>\nadopt common approaches on methods for collecting and reporting strategically relevant information, including risk analyses;<br \/>\nset up regular contacts with similar networks in the non-EU country and in neighbouring countries.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tasks_of_immigration_liaison_officers\"><\/span>Tasks of immigration liaison officers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Liaison officers collect information, at operational or strategic level, or both, on:<\/p>\n<p>migration routes;<br \/>\nthe existence of criminal organisations involved in migrant smuggling and human trafficking along migration routes;<br \/>\nthe methods used to forge or falsify identity documents;<br \/>\nways to facilitate return, readmission and reintegration;<br \/>\nmeasures to guarantee effective access to protection put in place by non-EU countries, including for the benefit of vulnerable persons;<br \/>\nexisting and possible future legal immigration strategies and channels between the EU and non-EU countries.<\/p>\n<p>Liaison officers can also provide assistance to authorities and other people involved in non-EU countries in the following areas:<\/p>\n<p>establishing the identity and nationality of non-EU nationals and facilitating their return, and helping in reintegration;<br \/>\nidentifying persons in need of international protection to facilitate resettlement in the EU, in particular by providing pre-departure information and support where possible;<br \/>\nconfirming the identity of legal immigrants and facilitating national and EU measures for their admission;<br \/>\nsharing information within networks of liaison officers and with competent EU national authorities, including law enforcement, to prevent and detect illegal immigration and combat migrant smuggling and human trafficking.<\/p>\n<p>Measures taken by immigration liaison officers, in particular in cases involving vulnerable people, should respect fundamental rights in accordance with relevant international and EU law, including Article 2 and Article 6 of the Treaty on European Union and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Steering_Board\"><\/span>Steering Board<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A Steering Board at EU level is set up to strengthen the management of the network and the coordination of immigration liaison officers, while respecting the existing chain of command and reporting lines between immigration liaison officers and their respective deploying authorities, and among immigration liaison officers themselves.<br \/>\nThe Steering Board comprises one representative from each EU country, two from the Commission, and one each from the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (also known as Frontex), Europol, and the European Asylum Support Office. Schengen-associated countries will appoint one representative each as members without voting rights.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Application_Background-3\"><\/span>Application &amp; Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>It has applied since 14 August 2019. Regulation (EU) 2019\/1240 revised and replaced Regulation (EC) No 377\/2004 and its subsequent amendments.<\/p>\n<p>European Agenda on Migration \u2014 Factsheets (European Commission).<\/p>\n<p>Immigration liaison officer: an officer designated and deployed in a non-EU country, by the competent authorities of an EU country, or by the Commission or by an EU agency, in accordance with their respective laws, to deal with immigration-related issues, including when that is only a part of their duties.<br \/>\nReturn: the movement of a person going from a host country back to a country of origin, country of nationality or habitual residence usually after spending a significant period of time in the host country whether voluntary or forced, assisted or spontaneous.<br \/>\nReadmission: act by a country accepting the re-entry of an individual (own national, a non-national of that country or a stateless person).<br \/>\nReintegration: re-inclusion or re-incorporation of a person into a group or a process, e.g. of a migrant into the society of their country of return.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MAIN_DOCUMENT-4\"><\/span>MAIN DOCUMENT<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Regulation (EU) 2019\/1240 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on the creation of a European network of immigration liaison officers (recast) (OJ L 198, 25.7.2019, pp. 88-104)<\/p>\n<p>RELATED DOCUMENTS<\/p>\n<p>Regulation (EU) 2019\/1896 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 November 2019 on the European Border and Coast Guard and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1052\/2013 and (EU) 2016\/1624 (OJ L 295, 14.11.2019, pp. 1-131)<\/p>\n<p>Regulation (EU) 2016\/1624 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 September 2016 on the European Border and Coast Guard and amending Regulation (EU) 2016\/399 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Regulation (EC) No 863\/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Regulation (EC) No 2007\/2004 and Council Decision 2005\/267\/EC (OJ L 251, 16.9.2016, pp. 1-76)<\/p>\n<p>Successive amendments to Regulation (EU) 2016\/1624 have been incorporated into the original text. This consolidated version is of documentary value only.<\/p>\n<p>Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union \u2014 Title I \u2014 Common provisions \u2014 Article 2 (OJ C 202, 7.6.2016, p. 17)<\/p>\n<p>Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union \u2014 Title I \u2014 Common provisions \u2014 Article 6 (ex Article 6 TEU) (OJ C 202, 7.6.2016, p. 19)<\/p>\n<p>Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions \u2014 A European Agenda on Migration (COM(2015) 240 final, 13.5.2015)<\/p>\n<p>Regulation (EU) No 1052\/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2013 establishing the European Border Surveillance System (Eurosur) (OJ L 295, 6.11.2013, pp. 11-26)<\/p>\n<p>Directive 2013\/32\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on common procedures for granting and withdrawing international protection (OJ L 180, 29.6.2013, pp. 60-95)<\/p>\n<p>Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions \u2014 The Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (COM(2011) 743 final, 18.11.2011)<\/p>\n<p>Directive 2008\/115\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on common standards and procedures in Member States for returning illegally staying third-country nationals (OJ L 348, 24.12.2008, pp. 98-107)<\/p>\n<p>Council Regulation (EC) No 377\/2004 of 19 February 2004 on the creation of an immigration liaison officers network (OJ L 64, 2.3.2004, pp. 1-4)<\/p>\n<p>See consolidated version.<\/p>\n<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-18035\" data-postid=\"18035\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-18035 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n    <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mutual information mechanism for national asylum and immigration measures Decision 2006\/688\/EC establishing a mutual information mechanism concerning EU countries&#8217; measures in the areas of asylum and immigration It aims to improve the sharing of information between EU countries concerning national asylum and immigration measures. It sets up a formal information procedure between EU countries and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[221],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18035"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18035"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18035\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18310,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18035\/revisions\/18310"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18035"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18035"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18035"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}