{"id":18145,"date":"2022-09-24T10:39:45","date_gmt":"2022-09-24T10:39:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/legalblog.ie\/?p=18145"},"modified":"2022-09-24T16:41:07","modified_gmt":"2022-09-24T16:41:07","slug":"air-passenger-data","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/air-passenger-data\/","title":{"rendered":"Air Passenger Data [EU]"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_63 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/air-passenger-data\/#Obligation_of_air_carriers_to_communicate_passenger_data\" title=\"Obligation of air carriers to communicate passenger data\">Obligation of air carriers to communicate passenger data<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/air-passenger-data\/#Background\" title=\"Background\">Background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/air-passenger-data\/#Key_terms_used_in_the_act\" title=\"Key terms used in the act\">Key terms used in the act<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/air-passenger-data\/#References\" title=\"References\">References<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/air-passenger-data\/#Use_of_passenger_records_to_prevent_terrorism_and_serious_crime\" title=\"Use of passenger records to prevent terrorism and serious crime\">Use of passenger records to prevent terrorism and serious crime<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/air-passenger-data\/#What_are_PNR_data\" title=\"What are PNR data?\">What are PNR data?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/air-passenger-data\/#Scope\" title=\"Scope\">Scope<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/air-passenger-data\/#Processing\" title=\"Processing\">Processing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/air-passenger-data\/#Transfer_and_exchange_of_data\" title=\"Transfer and exchange of data\">Transfer and exchange of data<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/air-passenger-data\/#Storage\" title=\"Storage\">Storage<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/air-passenger-data\/#Application_Background\" title=\"Application &amp; Background\">Application &amp; Background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/air-passenger-data\/#MAIN_DOCUMENT\" title=\"MAIN DOCUMENT\">MAIN DOCUMENT<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Obligation_of_air_carriers_to_communicate_passenger_data\"><\/span>Obligation of air carriers to communicate passenger data<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>This Directive requires air carriers to collect and transmit passenger data to the authorities of the Member State of destination responsible for control. Non-compliance may lead to fines being imposed and even, in the case of serious infringement, confiscation of the means of transport or withdrawal of the operating licence.<\/p>\n<p>Council Directive 2004\/82\/EC of 29 April 2004 on the obligation of carriers to communicate passenger data.<\/p>\n<p>According to this Directive, air carriers * are required to communicate information concerning their passengers travelling to a European Union (EU) border crossing *. This information is supplied, at the request of the authorities responsible for carrying out checks * on persons at the external borders * of the EU, to improve border control and to combat illegal immigration more effectively.<\/p>\n<p>These data are forwarded to these authorities for passenger registration purposes. In principle they are transmitted electronically to these authorities.<\/p>\n<p>Carriers are required to transmit the following information: number and type of travel document used, nationality, name and date of birth of the passenger, border crossing point of entry into the EU, departure and arrival time of the transportation, total number of passengers carried.<\/p>\n<p>In principle, these data are deleted by these authorities within 24 hours of transmission, provided that the passengers have arrived within the territory of the Member States. The personal data are deleted by the carrier within 24 hours of arrival of the means of transport.<\/p>\n<p>Member States must adopt dissuasive, effective and proportionate sanctions, should carriers fail to comply with this obligation. Such sanctions are applicable to carriers which, as a result of fault, have not transmitted data or have transmitted incomplete or false data. The maximum amount of these sanctions is not less than EUR 5000 and their minimum amount is not less than EUR 3000 for each journey.<\/p>\n<p>Member States may also provide for other types of sanctions in the event of serious infringement of the communication requirement. These sanctions may consist of:<\/p>\n<p>immobilisation, seizure and confiscation of the means of transport;<br \/>\ntemporary suspension or even withdrawal of the carrier&#8217;s operating licence.<br \/>\nCarriers may appeal against measures imposed against them. Member States adopt all the necessary measures for this right of appeal to be effective.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Background\"><\/span>Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>This Directive was adopted following a request by the European Council of 25 and 26 March 2004, which met following the terrorist attacks in Madrid. The obligations provided for in this Directive are complementary to those laid down by Article 26 of the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement, as supplemented by Council Directive 2001\/51\/EC, concerning the obligation of carriers to return third-country nationals who are refused entry by the Member State of destination.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_terms_used_in_the_act\"><\/span>Key terms used in the act<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Carrier: any natural or legal person whose occupation it is to provide passenger transport by air.<br \/>\nExternal borders: external borders of the Member States with third countries.<br \/>\nBorder control: check carried out at a border exclusively on account of crossing that border.<br \/>\nBorder crossing point: any crossing point authorised by the competent authorities for crossing external borders.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span>References<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Act<\/p>\n<p>Entry into force<\/p>\n<p>Deadline for transposition in the Member States<\/p>\n<p>Official Journal<\/p>\n<p>Directive 2004\/82\/EC<\/p>\n<p>5.9.2004<\/p>\n<p>5.9.2006<\/p>\n<p>OJ L 261 of 6.8.2004<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Use_of_passenger_records_to_prevent_terrorism_and_serious_crime\"><\/span>Use of passenger records to prevent terrorism and serious crime<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Directive (EU) 2016\/681 on the use of passenger name record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of terrorist offences and serious crime<\/p>\n<p>It aims to regulate the transfer of the passenger name record (PNR) data of passengers on international flights from airlines to the European Union (EU) countries.<br \/>\nIt also regulates the processing of these data by EU countries\u2019 competent authorities.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_PNR_data\"><\/span>What are PNR data?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>They consist of booking information stored by airlines in their reservation and departure control systems. The information collected includes:<\/p>\n<p>travel dates;<br \/>\ntravel itinerary;<br \/>\nticket information;<br \/>\ncontact details;<br \/>\nmeans of payment used;<br \/>\nbaggage information.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Scope\"><\/span>Scope<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Each EU country must establish a Passenger Information Unit (PIU). A PIU is responsible for:<br \/>\ncollecting, storing and processing the data, as well as transferring the data or the results of the processing to the competent national authorities;<br \/>\nexchanging PNR data and the results of processing with other EU countries and Europol.<br \/>\nAirlines must provide PIUs in EU countries with the PNR data for flights entering or departing from the EU. It also allows \u2014 but does not require \u2014 EU countries to collect PNR data concerning selected intra-EU flights.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Processing\"><\/span>Processing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The data collected may only be processed to prevent, detect, investigate and prosecute terrorist offences and serious crime. Data should only be processed in the following cases:<\/p>\n<p>for a pre-arrival assessment of passengers against pre-determined risk criteria and relevant law enforcement databases;<br \/>\nfor use in specific investigations\/prosecutions;<br \/>\nas input in the development of risk assessment criteria.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Transfer_and_exchange_of_data\"><\/span>Transfer and exchange of data<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>EU countries should not be able to access the database of airline companies.<br \/>\nPNR data are sent by the airline to the PIU of the EU country concerned.<br \/>\nWhen necessary and relevant, an EU country must supply PNR data on an identified person to the competent authorities of another EU country.<br \/>\nPNR data may be transferred to a non-EU country under certain specific conditions.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Storage\"><\/span>Storage<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Data provided by airline carriers must be stored in a database by PIU for 5 years from the time of its transfer to the EU country in which the flight is landing or departing.<br \/>\nAfter 6 months the transferred data must be \u2018depersonalised\u2019 to mask out certain information including;<br \/>\nname;<br \/>\naddress and contact information;<br \/>\nall payment information including billing address.<\/p>\n<p>Disclosure of the full PNR information after this 6-month period has expired is only permitted if:<br \/>\nit is reasonably believed to be necessary in order to respond to requests for PNR data made by competent authorities or Europol \u2014 on a case-by-case basis and;<br \/>\nit has been approved by a judicial or other national authority competent under national law to verify whether the conditions for disclosure are met.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Application_Background\"><\/span>Application &amp; Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The directive has applied since 24 May 2016. EU countries have to incorporate it into national law by 25 May 2018.<\/p>\n<p>For more information, see:<\/p>\n<p>\u2018Passenger Name Record (PNR)\u2019 on the European Commission&#8217;s website<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MAIN_DOCUMENT\"><\/span>MAIN DOCUMENT<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Directive (EU) 2016\/681 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the use of passenger name record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of terrorist offences and serious crime (OJ L 119, 4.5.2016, pp. 132-149)<\/p>\n<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-18145\" data-postid=\"18145\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-18145 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n    <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Obligation of air carriers to communicate passenger data This Directive requires air carriers to collect and transmit passenger data to the authorities of the Member State of destination responsible for control. Non-compliance may lead to fines being imposed and even, in the case of serious infringement, confiscation of the means of transport or withdrawal of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[233,127],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18145"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18145"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18145\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18289,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18145\/revisions\/18289"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18145"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18145"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}