The British and Foreign School Society was founded in 1808 and the National Society in 1811.\u00a0 They were initially supported by voluntary subscriptions and were non-sectarian in the former case, the latter belonging to the Church of England.<\/p>\n
In 1834, schools established by these agencies finally received grants from government.\u00a0 At the same time, an attempt was made to create an Education Department.\u00a0 A Committee of the Privy Council was appointed to superintend spending of money by parliament for the purpose of public education. The Committee of the Council appointed Inspectors to visit schools and to report on their efficiency.\u00a0 In 1847, 46 grants were made for the first time to training colleges for teachers.<\/p>\n
Public elementary education was initiated in 1870.\u00a0 At that stage over a million children in England were receiving no education at all. The Elementary Education Act 1870 established the duty of the State to provide school accommodation wherever private facilities and institutions did not suffice.\u00a0 The whole country was divided into school districts with the metropolis as a single district.<\/p>\n
Every borough was a school district.\u00a0 Every parish outside the metropolis or in a borough was also a school district. There must be a School Board or a School Attendance Committee for every school district. The Board must be elected in districts where the elementary education is inadequate.<\/p>\n
Ratepayers might \u00a0choose to have a School Board where education was insufficient if they wished.\u00a0 If they did not so wish, the Council or Board of Guardians must appoint between six and 12 members to be School Attendance Committee to enforce attendance in school.<\/p>\n
The Elementary Education Act 1876 made it the duty of every parent to ensure that his child received efficient elementary education.\u00a0 Children were prohibited from employments which interfered with education.\u00a0 Further steps have been taken by legislation passed in 1880, 1893 1899 and 1900 so that by the turn of the century, no child could be employed under the age of 12 in a way that prevents regular attendance at school.<\/p>\n
Children between 12 and 14 could be excluded from school attendance either wholly or partly provided they had reached certain standard of education fixed by bylaw.\u00a0 In most parts of the country a child over 12 may obtain partial exemption and may work half time in a factory on workshop if he has reached fifth standard or is more than five years registered, 350 attendances for five years in not more than two schools during each year. Stricter rules applied in the metropolis.\u00a0 Children between 12 and 14 were obliged to reach the seventh standard.<\/p>\n
Legislation in 1893 required attendance at school by blind and deaf children until they were 16.\u00a0 Provision was made in 1899 for education of epileptic children.<\/p>\n
At the turn of the century, the standards required depended on the relevant byelaws. It meant reading, writing and arithmetic but laterally a good deal more. If the local authority chose it could spend money in teaching other subjects provided, they were included in the Code issued annually by the Board of Education.<\/p>\n
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Sanitation No sanitary services legislation existed in 1800.\u00a0 Systems of sewers and drains were rare. Houses might have a cesspool below the kitchen floor or some form of onsite septic tank. Even large country houses commonly had no water closet at all. At common law, a nuisance which was \u00a0injurious to health was indictable. A […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/195"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=195"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/195\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28823,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/195\/revisions\/28823"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}