{"id":24037,"date":"2020-05-16T06:58:03","date_gmt":"2020-05-16T06:58:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legalguide.ie\/?p=24037"},"modified":"2024-03-10T14:32:59","modified_gmt":"2024-03-10T14:32:59","slug":"common-travel-area","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/","title":{"rendered":"Common Travel Area"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_63 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/#Background\" title=\"Background\">Background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/#Scope_of_the_Common_Travel_Area\" title=\"Scope of the Common Travel Area\">Scope of the Common Travel Area<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/#Travel_Area\" title=\"Travel Area\">Travel Area<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/#Health_care\" title=\"Health care\">Health care<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/#Social_protection\" title=\"Social protection\">Social protection<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/#Social_housing\" title=\"Social housing\">Social housing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/#Education\" title=\"Education\">Education<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/#Voting\" title=\"Voting\">Voting<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/#Further_arrangements_and_implementation_measures\" title=\"Further arrangements and implementation measures\">Further arrangements and implementation measures<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Information_Note_from_Ireland_to_the_Article_50_Working_Group\" title=\"Information Note from Ireland to the Article 50 Working Group\">Information Note from Ireland to the Article 50 Working Group<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Introduction\" title=\"Introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Origins_of_the_Common_Travel_Area\" title=\"Origins of the Common Travel Area\">Origins of the Common Travel Area<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Common_Travel_Area_Arrangements\" title=\"Common Travel Area Arrangements\">Common Travel Area Arrangements<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#European_Union_Withdrawal_Agreement_Citizens_Rights_Regulations_2020\" title=\"European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) (Citizens\u2019 Rights) Regulations 2020\">European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) (Citizens\u2019 Rights) Regulations 2020<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Interpretation\" title=\"Interpretation\">Interpretation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Application\" title=\"Application\">Application<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Permission_to_enter_State\" title=\"Permission to enter State\">Permission to enter State<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Residence_in_State_of_United_Kingdom_national\" title=\"Residence in State of United Kingdom national\">Residence in State of United Kingdom national<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Residence_in_State_of_family_member_of_United_Kingdom_national_who_is_Union_citizen_or_United_Kingdom_national\" title=\"Residence in State of family member of United Kingdom national who is Union citizen or United Kingdom national\">Residence in State of family member of United Kingdom national who is Union citizen or United Kingdom national<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Residence_in_State_of_family_member_of_United_Kingdom_national_who_is_neither_Union_citizen_nor_United_Kingdom_national\" title=\"Residence in State of family member of United Kingdom national who is neither Union citizen nor United Kingdom national\">Residence in State of family member of United Kingdom national who is neither Union citizen nor United Kingdom national<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Residence_document_for_United_Kingdom_national_or_family_member_who_is_Union_citizen_or_United_Kingdom_national\" title=\"Residence document for United Kingdom national or family member who is Union citizen or United Kingdom national\">Residence document for United Kingdom national or family member who is Union citizen or United Kingdom national<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Residence_document_for_family_member_who_is_neither_Union_citizen_nor_United_Kingdom_national\" title=\"Residence document for family member who is neither Union citizen nor United Kingdom national\">Residence document for family member who is neither Union citizen nor United Kingdom national<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Entitlement_to_permanent_residence_in_State\" title=\"Entitlement to permanent residence in State\">Entitlement to permanent residence in State<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Issue_of_permanent_residence_document_to_United_Kingdom_national_or_family_member_who_is_Union_citizen_or_United_Kingdom_national\" title=\"Issue of permanent residence document to United Kingdom national or family member who is Union citizen or United Kingdom national\">Issue of permanent residence document to United Kingdom national or family member who is Union citizen or United Kingdom national<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Issue_of_permanent_residence_document_to_family_member_who_is_neither_Union_citizen_nor_United_Kingdom_national\" title=\"Issue of permanent residence document to family member who is neither Union citizen nor United Kingdom national\">Issue of permanent residence document to family member who is neither Union citizen nor United Kingdom national<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Production_of_evidence\" title=\"Production of evidence\">Production of evidence<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Entitlements_and_matters_of_equal_treatment\" title=\"Entitlements and matters of equal treatment\">Entitlements and matters of equal treatment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Restrictions_on_right_of_free_movement_and_residence_on_grounds_of_public_policy_public_security_or_public_health\" title=\"Restrictions on right of free movement and residence on grounds of public policy, public security or public health\">Restrictions on right of free movement and residence on grounds of public policy, public security or public health<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Removal_orders\" title=\"Removal orders\">Removal orders<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Exclusion_orders\" title=\"Exclusion orders\">Exclusion orders<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Review_of_decisions\" title=\"Review of decisions\">Review of decisions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Refusal_termination_or_withdrawal_of_rights\" title=\"Refusal, termination or withdrawal of rights\">Refusal, termination or withdrawal of rights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Offences\" title=\"Offences\">Offences<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#Additional_modification_of_Regulations_of_2015\" title=\"Additional modification of Regulations of 2015\">Additional modification of Regulations of 2015<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#SCHEDULES\" title=\"SCHEDULES\">SCHEDULES<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/common-travel-area\/2\/#EXPLANATORY_NOTE\" title=\"EXPLANATORY NOTE\">EXPLANATORY NOTE<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Background\"><\/span>Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Common Travel Area reflects the fact that many Republic of Ireland citizens have the deepest family and personal ties with the United Kingdom and that many persons in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland have a common Irish and United Kingdom heritage.<\/p>\n<p>The CTA reinforces and supports the fact that the UK and Irish labour market have remained as one since the separation of the states. Although in earlier years this largely manifested itself in immigration to the United Kingdom from the Republic of Ireland, this has largely changed in recent years. There are now almost as many UK born nationals in the Republic of Ireland as there are the Republic of Ireland born nationals in the UK notwithstanding that the population of the UK is over 10 times of Ireland. UK born nationals comprise over 4% of the population of the Republic of Ireland.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Scope_of_the_Common_Travel_Area\"><\/span>Scope of the Common Travel Area<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Common Travel Area is much more than a right to travel. It allows British and Irish citizens to take up residence in the other state with immediate settled status. It allows citizens of each state to work in the other including work on a self-employed basis without any permission.<\/p>\n<p>It is recognised in a May 2019\u00a0 memorandum of understanding that the recognition of qualifications, including professional qualifications, is an essential facilitator of the right to work. Ireland and UK are committed to ensuring that their respective jurisdictions will provide comprehensive measures to continue to be in place, to allow for the recognition of such qualifications including all relevant professions in accordance with the national laws.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Travel_Area\"><\/span>Travel Area<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Irish citizens and UK citizens\u00a0 have extensive mutual rights to travel freely between Ireland and the UK. These rights apply to Irish and UK nationals, i.e. persons were citizens.<\/p>\n<p>The right is more than just one of free travel and includes a right to come to work in the other country and do business. Therefore, traders should be a position to second or send Irish citizens to undertake work in NI. Depending on who is the employer, their exact status and the duration of the stay, they may come within the UK income tax\/PAYE obligations.<\/p>\n<p>Movement of Irish and British citizens<\/p>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li>The CTA allows Irish and British citizens to move freely between Ireland and the UK. The Participants are to continue to ensure that their national laws facilitate such movement.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The right to reside<\/p>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li>The CTA permits Irish citizens to take up residence in the UK and British citizens to take up residence in Ireland. The Participants are to continue to ensure that their national laws provide for such a right to reside.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The right to work<\/p>\n<ol start=\"8\">\n<li>The CTA affords Irish citizens in the UK and British citizens in Ireland the right to work, including on a self-employed basis, without any requirement to obtain permission. Participants are to continue to ensure that their national laws provide for such a right to work. It is acknowledged that the recognition of qualifications, including professional qualifications, is an essential facilitator of the right to work associated with the CTA. The Participants are committed to ensuring that within their respective jurisdictions, comprehensive measures continue to be in place to allow for the recognition of such qualifications, covering all relevant professions, in accordance with their national laws.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Health_care\"><\/span>Health care<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The CTA affords British citizens residing in Ireland and Irish citizens residing in the UK the right to access emergency, routine and planned publicly funded health services in each other\u2019s state, on the same basis as citizens of that state.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Social_protection\"><\/span>Social protection<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The CTA affords British citizens residing or working in Ireland and Irish citizens residing or working in the UK, social security rights in each other\u2019s state. They are entitled, when in the other state, to the same social security rights, and are subject to the same obligations, as citizens of that state.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Social_housing\"><\/span>Social housing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The CTA affords British citizens residing in Ireland, and Irish citizens residing in the UK, the right to access social housing, including supported housing and homeless assistance, in each other\u2019s state, on the same basis as citizens of that state.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Education\"><\/span>Education<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The CTA affords British and Irish citizens the right to access all levels of education and training, and associated student support, in each other\u2019s state, on terms no less favourable than those for the citizens of that state.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Voting\"><\/span>Voting<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>British citizens residing in Ireland, and Irish citizens residing in the UK, are entitled to register to vote with the relevant authorities for local and national parliamentary elections in each other\u2019s state, on the same basis as citizens of that state. Upon reaching voting age, these citizens are entitled to vote in those elections on the same basis as citizens in that state.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Further_arrangements_and_implementation_measures\"><\/span>Further arrangements and implementation measures<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol start=\"14\">\n<li>The Participants are committed to ensuring that any necessary steps are taken to give effect to the associated reciprocal rights and privileges outlined above at paragraphs six to thirteen. This includes any necessary legislative steps and further, more detailed, bilateral agreements that may be entered into now or in the future to give effect to specific aspects of the CTA arrangements.<\/li>\n<li>The Participants will take the necessary steps to provide certainty and clarity about each of the associated reciprocal rights and privileges set out above.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!--nextpage--><\/p>\n<h2><em>Information Note from Ireland to the Article 50 Working Group<\/em><\/h2>\n<h4><em>Introduction<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>1.1 The Common Travel Area (CTA) is a long-standing arrangement between Ireland and the United Kingdom which enables Irish and UK citizens to travel and reside in either jurisdiction without restriction and provides for associated rights and entitlements in both jurisdictions. The Common Travel Area predates membership of the EU by both Ireland and the UK and is not dependent on it.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1.2 In part reflecting Ireland\u2019s and the UK\u2019s common law system, many of the arrangements and rights relating to the CTA are implicit, deriving from the status of Irish citizens in the UK and UK citizens in Ireland, and therefore have not been the subject of specific legislation or of an international agreement.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1.3 The CTA is recognised in EU law by Protocol No. 20 to the Treaty on European Union and Treaty on the Functioning of the EU. This Protocol 20 to the TEU and TFEU provides that \u201cThe United Kingdom and Ireland may continue to make arrangements between themselves relating to the movement of persons between their territories (\u2018the Common Travel Area\u2019)\u2026\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1.4 These arrangements exist alongside and complement the position of Northern Ireland. The Good Friday Agreement recognises \u201cthe birthright of all the people of Northern Ireland to identify themselves and be accepted as Irish or British, or both, as they may so choose, and accordingly confirm that their right to hold both British and Irish citizenship is accepted by both Governments and would not be affected by any future change in the status of Northern Ireland\u201d. CTA arrangements have therefore been essential in enabling people of Irish identity not to have to assert British citizenship rights in Northern Ireland in order, for instance, to establish the right to permanent residency in the place they were born or, following Brexit, the right to live and work there at all.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Origins of the Common Travel Area<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>2.1 Between 1801 and 1922, Ireland was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Notwithstanding the establishment of the Irish State in 1922, from a UK perspective, Irish citizens continued to be regarded as British subjects. As such, they had the same rights in the UK as UK citizens. Historically, therefore, following Irish independence Irish citizens continued to have a particular status in the UK, and it is this which has led to many of the CTA arrangements\/rights being implicit, deriving from this status rather than from specific legislation or agreement.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>2.2 At the time of independence, the Irish legal perspective on citizenship was different to that of the UK, with Irish born citizens no longer regarded as being British subjects. As a result, while Ireland shared the wish to maintain the Common Travel Area arrangements, the treatment of UK citizens in Ireland did not automatically mirror the UK arrangements for Irish citizens in the UK.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>2.3 Although the 1922 definition of an Irish citizen did not encompass most UK citizens, UK citizens in Ireland were not treated as \u2018aliens\u2019 under Irish law. In practice they had a special status and for most matters were treated the same as Irish citizens with effect from the establishment of the Irish State. It was only with the introduction of the Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act 1935 that provision was made to allow for the granting of statutory reciprocity. This was eventually provided for by the Citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies (Irish Citizenship Rights) Order 1949, which provided that UK citizens would enjoy in Ireland similar rights and privileges to those enjoyed by Irish citizens in the UK.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>2.4 This general approach of reciprocity was facilitated by both states having the same common law legal tradition. All UK legislation in force in Ireland in 1922 continued in force post-independence and remains in force (to the extent that it is not inconsistent with the Constitution) unless it has been specifically repealed at some stage by the Irish parliament.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>2.5 In 1948 Ireland declared itself a republic and revoked any role for the British monarch. Ireland was then regarded under British law as having left the Commonwealth. However, wishing to maintain the Common Travel Area arrangements, the British Parliament enacted the Ireland Act 1949. Section 2 (1) of that Act provides<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cIt is hereby declared that, notwithstanding that the Republic of Ireland is not part of His Majesty\u2019s dominions, the Republic of Ireland is not a foreign country for the purposes of any law in force in any part of the United Kingdom \u2026\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>The status of Irish nationals was maintained under the Immigration Act 1971 and the British Nationality Act 1981.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Common Travel Area Arrangements<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>3.1 The basic principle guiding the operation of the CTA is that the Irish and UK Governments treat each other\u2019s citizens in a similar manner to enable them to freely move between the two jurisdictions, and thereby reside and work in either jurisdiction, without the need for special permission. Associated rights, as well as ongoing cooperation between Irish and UK authorities, facilitate and support these arrangements. These arrangements have been in place since Irish independence, with the only period of interruption arising during and immediately after the Second World War.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>3.2 The CTA includes arrangements for Irish and UK nationals to travel \u2018passport free\u2019 between the two jurisdictions. As part of this, the CTA operates, to some degree, similar to the Schengen zone, where immigration authorities in both jurisdictions cooperate to protect the borders of the CTA and prevent its abuse. Information is also shared on visa applicants, asylum seekers, citizenship applications and police watch lists. There is also a joint British Irish Visa scheme for certain countries and joint operations to target abuses of the CTA.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>3.3 The arrangement, in line with the status of Irish and UK nationals in each other\u2019s jurisdictions, also provides, broadly reciprocal rights on the freedom to reside, work and access services, including social security, health and education. Both countries generally provide for recognition of the other\u2019s professional and academic qualifications.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>3.4 Various reciprocal bilateral arrangements governing access to social welfare benefits have been in place between Ireland and the UK. These arrangements are based on the premise of equal treatment of nationals of both States. The rules in place have been designed to protect people moving between both States and to minimise any disadvantage.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>3.5 The right to access the health systems in both the UK and Ireland depends on residence. There are no restrictions on residence of UK and Irish nationals in the other jurisdiction. A UK citizen resident in Ireland has access to public health services on a similar basis to an Irish citizen resident in Ireland. Reciprocal arrangements in respect of Irish citizens apply in the UK. There is extensive co-operation on a number of all-island and cross-border health care services due to the mobility of people on the island, the size of populations and the unique geography. This encompasses both emergency and non-emergency care, including planned treatment and emergency transfers on the island of Ireland and between Ireland and Great Britain. This may involve health professionals working in the other jurisdiction. There are also other arrangements for health co-operation.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>3.6 Neither Ireland nor the UK is in the Schengen area. After the UK\u2019s withdrawal from the EU, Ireland intends to remain outside of the Schengen area and will continue to fully uphold its obligations as an EU Member State. Protocols 19, 20 and 21 of the EU Treaties will continue to apply.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>3.7 Analysis by the Irish authorities has not identified any legal barrier to the arrangements as outlined above being maintained in a manner fully consistent with Ireland\u2019s EU obligations.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>S.I. No. 728\/2020 &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><em>European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) (Citizens\u2019 Rights) Regulations 2020<\/em><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>I, HELEN MCENTEE, Minister for Justice, in exercise of the powers conferred on me by section 3 of the European Communities Act 1972 (No. 27 of 1972) and for the purpose of giving full effect to Part 2, other than Chapters 2 and 3 of Title II, and Title III, of that Part, of the Agreement on the Withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community1 , approved on behalf of the European Union by Council Decision (EU) 2020\/135 of 30 January 20202 , hereby make the following regulations:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Short title and commencement<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1. (1) These Regulations may be cited as the European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) (Citizens\u2019 Rights) Regulations 2020.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(2) These Regulations shall come into operation at 11.00 p.m. on 31 December 2020.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Interpretation<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>2. (1) In these Regulations &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cArticle 10(1)(f) family member\u201d means, in relation to a particular United Kingdom national, a person who resided in the State in accordance with Regulation 9(1), (2), (3), 10(1), (2), 11(1), 12(1)(b), (3), (4), 13(6) or (7) of the Regulations of 2015 before the end of the transition period and continues to reside in the State thereafter;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201ccivil partner\u201d and \u201ccivil partnership\u201d have the same meanings respectively as they have in the Regulations of 2015;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cfamily member\u201d, other than in Regulations 6(2), 7(2) and 9(2), means an Article 10(1)(f) family member, a qualifying family member or a permitted family member;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cMember State\u201d means a Member State within the meaning of Article 2(b), other than the State;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cMinister\u201d means the Minister for Justice;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cpermanent residence document\u201d means a document issued in accordance with Article 18(4) and referred to in Regulations 11(1) and 12(1);<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cpermitted family member\u201d, other than in Regulation 9(4)(b), means, in relation to a particular United Kingdom national, a person who, under Regulation 3(2)(a), (b) or (c), is a permitted family member of the United Kingdom national;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cqualifying family member\u201d, other than in Regulation 9(4)(b), means, in relation to a particular United Kingdom national, a person who, under Regulation 3(1), is a qualifying family member of the United Kingdom national;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cregistration officer\u201d has the same meaning as it has in the Regulations of 2015;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cRegulations of 2015\u201d means the European Communities (Free Movement of Persons) Regulations 2015 ( S.I. No. 548 of 2015 );<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cresidence document\u201d means a document issued in accordance with Article 18(4) and referred to in Regulations 8 and 9;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cspouse\u201d has the same meaning as it has in the Regulations of 2015;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201ctransition period\u201d has the same meaning as it has in Article 2(e);<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cUnion citizen\u201d means any person having the nationality of a Member State;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cUnion law\u201d has the same meaning as it has in Article 2(a);<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cUnited Kingdom national\u201d means a person &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) to whom before the end of the transition period the definition of United Kingdom national in Article 2(d) applied and in relation to whom that definition has not ceased to apply, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) who exercised his or her right to reside in the State in accordance with Union law before the end of the transition period and continues to reside in the State thereafter;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cWithdrawal Agreement\u201d means the Agreement on the Withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community1 .<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(2) A word or expression that is used in these Regulations and is also used in Part 1 or 2, or both, of the Withdrawal Agreement shall have in these Regulations the same meaning as it has in those Parts of the Withdrawal Agreement unless the contrary intention appears.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(3) A reference in these Regulations to a numbered Article is a reference to the Article so numbered of the Withdrawal Agreement.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(4) A reference in these Regulations to the date on which these Regulations come into operation shall be construed as a reference to the particular time on that date at which these Regulations come into operation.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(5) These Regulations are without prejudice to the rights or privileges of an individual under any arrangements between the Government and the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning the Common Travel Area and associated reciprocal rights and privileges.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Application<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>3. (1) For the purposes of these Regulations, a person is a qualifying family member of a particular United Kingdom national where &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) the person is &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(i) the United Kingdom national\u2019s spouse or civil partner,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(ii) a direct descendant of the United Kingdom national, or of the United Kingdom national\u2019s spouse or civil partner, and is-<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(I) under the age of 21, or<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(II) a dependent of the United Kingdom national, or of his or her spouse or civil partner,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(iii) a dependent direct relative in the ascending line of the United Kingdom national, or of his or her spouse or civil partner, or<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(iv) a person, other than a permitted family member, whose presence is required by the United Kingdom national in order not to deprive the United Kingdom national of a right of residence to which Part 2 of the Withdrawal Agreement applies,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) he or she fulfils one or more of the conditions set out in Article 10(1)(e)(i), (ii) or (iii).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(2) For the purposes of these Regulations, a person is a permitted family member of a particular United Kingdom national \u2013<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) where &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(i) before the end of the transition period, the Minister decides in accordance with Regulation 5 of the Regulations of 2015 that the person be treated as a permitted family member of the United Kingdom national for the purposes of those Regulations,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(ii) before the end of the transition period, he or she resided in the State, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(iii) after the end of the transition period he or she continues to reside in the State,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) where &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(i) he or she is a person to whom Regulation 23(2) applies,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(ii) after the end of the transition period, the Minister decides in accordance with Regulation 5 of the Regulations of 2015 that the person be treated as a permitted family member of the United Kingdom national, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(iii) after the end of the transition period he or she continues to reside in the State,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>or<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(c) where &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(i) before the end of the transition period, he or she is a partner with whom a United Kingdom national has a durable relationship, duly attested,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(ii) before the end of the transition period, he or she resided outside the State, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(iii) the Minister has, in accordance with paragraph (4), decided that the person should be treated as a permitted family member of the United Kingdom national for the purposes of these Regulations, which decision has not been revoked under Regulation 20.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(3) This paragraph applies to a person who &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) before the end of the transition period, is the partner with whom a United Kingdom national has a durable relationship, duly attested, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) at the time of his or her application under paragraph (4), the relationship referred to in subparagraph (a) continues to exist.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(4) Where a United Kingdom national has entered or is residing in the State in accordance with these Regulations, a person to whom paragraph (3) applies may apply to the Minister for a decision that he or she be treated as a permitted family member for the purposes of these Regulations.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(5) Regulations 5(2) to (6) of the Regulations of 2015 shall apply with any necessary modifications to an application under paragraph (4).<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Permission to enter State<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>4. (1) A person who is &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) a United Kingdom national, or<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) a family member of a United Kingdom national where the family member is a Union citizen,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>who is in possession of a valid passport or official identity document as evidence of his or her nationality and identity may not be refused permission to enter the State.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(2) Regulations 4(2), (3), (4), (5) and (6) of the Regulations of 2015 shall, subject to paragraph (3) and Regulation 22, apply to a family member of a United Kingdom national where the family member is neither a Union citizen nor a United Kingdom national as they apply to a qualifying family member to whom those Regulations apply.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(3) For the purposes of paragraph (2) &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) a reference in Regulation 4(4) of the Regulations of 2015 to a residence card shall be construed as a reference to a permanent residence document or a residence document,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) a reference in Regulation 4(6)(a) of the Regulations of 2015 to a person referred to in clause (i) of Regulation 3(5)(b) shall be construed as a reference to a person referred to in Regulation 3(1)(a)(i), and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(c) a reference in Regulation 4(6)(b) of the Regulations of 2015 to a person referred to in clause (ii) or (iii) of Regulation 3(5)(b) shall be construed as a reference to a person referred to in Regulation 3(1)(a)(ii), (iii) or (iv).<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Residence in State of United Kingdom national<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>5. Regulations 6(1)(a)(i), (1)(b), (2), (3)(a)(i), (3)(a)(ii), (3)(a)(iii), (3)(c) and 11(1) of the Regulations of 2015 shall, subject to Regulation 22, apply to a United Kingdom national as they apply to a Union citizen to whom those Regulations apply.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Residence in State of family member of United Kingdom national who is Union citizen or United Kingdom national<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>6. (1) This Regulation applies to a family member of a United Kingdom national where the family member is a Union citizen or a United Kingdom national.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(2) Regulations 6(1)(a)(i), (1)(b), (2), (3)(a)(iv), 9(1), (3), 10(1) and 11(1) of the Regulations of 2015 shall, subject to Regulation 22, apply to a person to whom this Regulation applies as they apply to a family member (within the meaning of the Regulations of 2015).<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Residence in State of family member of United Kingdom national who is neither Union citizen nor United Kingdom national<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>7. (1) This Regulation applies to a family member of a United Kingdom national where the family member is neither a Union citizen nor a United Kingdom national.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(2) Regulations 6(1)(a)(ii), (1)(b), (2), (3)(b), (4), (5), (6), 9(2), (3), 10(2)(a), 11(1) and (2) of the Regulations of 2015 shall, subject to paragraph (3) and Regulation 22, apply to a person to whom this Regulation applies as they apply to a family member (within the meaning of the Regulations of 2015).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(3) Where a family member to whom this Regulation applies is a child to whom Regulation 9(3) of the Regulations of 2015 applies, he or she shall have the same entitlement to reside in the State as his or her parent.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Residence document for United Kingdom national or family member who is Union citizen or United Kingdom national<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>8. (1) A United Kingdom national or a family member of a United Kingdom national where the family member is a Union citizen or a United Kingdom national may apply to the Minister for a residence document.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(2) An application under paragraph (1) shall-<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) where the applicant is a United Kingdom national, contain the particulars specified in Schedule 1, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) where the applicant is a family member of a United Kingdom national and the applicant is a Union citizen or a United Kingdom national, contain the particulars specified in Schedule 2,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>and shall be accompanied by such documentary evidence as may be necessary to support the application.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(3) The Minister shall cause to be issued a notice acknowledging receipt of an application under paragraph (1).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(4) The Minister shall, within 6 months of the date of receiving an application under paragraph (1) &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) where he or she is satisfied that it is appropriate to do so, issue a residence document containing the particulars set out in Schedule 3 to the applicant, or<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) notify the applicant concerned that his or her application has been refused, which notification shall be accompanied by a statement of the grounds for the refusal.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(5) An applicant under paragraph (1) may remain in the State pending a decision on the application.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(6) The period of validity of a residence document issued under this Regulation shall be 5 years from the date of issue of the document.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(7) The validity of a residence document shall not be affected by any of the following on the part of the recipient of the document:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) temporary absences not exceeding 6 months in a 12 month period;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) absences of a duration longer than 6 months in a 12 month period for compulsory military service;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(c) one absence of a maximum of 12 consecutive months for important reasons such as pregnancy and childbirth, serious illness, study or vocational training, or a posting in a Member State or a third country.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Residence document for family member who is neither Union citizen nor United Kingdom national<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>9. (1) This Regulation applies to a family member of a United Kingdom national where the family member is neither a Union citizen nor a United Kingdom national.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(2) Regulations 7 and 8 (in this Regulation referred to as the \u201crelevant Regulations\u201d) of the Regulations of 2015 shall, subject to paragraph (4) and Regulation 22, apply to a person to whom this Regulation applies as they apply to a family member (within the meaning of the relevant Regulations).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(3) The period of validity of a residence document issued under this Regulation shall be equivalent to &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) where at the date an application to the Minister is made for a residence document in accordance with this Regulation there remains in respect of a valid residence card issued under Regulation 7 of the Regulations of 2015 before the end of the transition period, a remaining period of validity, such remaining period, or<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) 5 years from the date of issue of the document,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>whichever is the lesser period.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(4) For the purposes of this Regulation &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) a reference in the relevant Regulations to a residence card shall be construed as a reference to a residence document,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) where, immediately before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, a person is present in the State as a qualifying family member or a permitted family member (within the respective meanings of the Regulations of 2015), \u201crelevant date\u201d in Regulation 7 of the Regulations of 2015 shall be construed as meaning the date on which that person entered the State as, or became, a qualifying family member or a permitted family member, as the case may be, under the Regulations of 2015,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(c) a reference in Regulation 7(3) of the Regulations of 2015 to Schedule 2 to the Regulations of 2015 shall be construed as a reference to Schedule 4,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(d) a reference in Regulation 7(5)(a) of the Regulations of 2015 to Schedule 3 to the Regulations of 2015 shall be construed as a reference to Schedule 5, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(e) a reference in Regulation 8(4) of the Regulations of 2015 to a removal order shall be construed as a reference to a removal order under these Regulations.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Entitlement to permanent residence in State<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>10. (1) Regulations 12(1), (5), 13(1), (3) and (4) of the Regulations of 2015 shall, subject to paragraph (4) and Regulation 22, apply to a United Kingdom national as they apply to a Union citizen to whom those Regulations apply.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(2) Where a person is a family member of a United Kingdom national and the person is a Union citizen or a United Kingdom national, Regulations 12(1), (3), (5), 13(1), (3), (4), (6) and (7) of the Regulations of 2015 shall, subject to paragraph (4) and Regulation 22, apply to the person as they apply to a family member (within the meaning of the Regulations of 2015).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(3) Where a person is a family member of a United Kingdom national and the person is neither a Union citizen nor a United Kingdom national, Regulations 12(1)(b), (2), (4), (5), 13(6) and (7) of the Regulations of 2015 shall, subject to paragraph (4) and Regulation 22, apply to the person as they apply to a family member (within the meaning of the Regulations of 2015).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(4) For the purposes of this Regulation &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) the following periods shall be reckonable in calculating a period of residence for the purposes of the application of the Regulations of 2015 referred to in paragraph (1), (2) or (3), as the case may be &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(i) periods of residence before and during the transition period in conformity with the Regulations of 2015, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(ii) periods of residence after the end of the transition period in conformity with these Regulations,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) the reference to a period exceeding 2 consecutive years in Regulation 12(6) of the Regulations of 2015 shall be construed as a reference to a period exceeding 5 consecutive years, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(c) the references to a Member State in Regulations 13(3) and (4) of the Regulations of 2015 shall be construed as including a reference to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Issue of permanent residence document to United Kingdom national or family member who is Union citizen or United Kingdom national<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>11. (1) Regulation 14 of the Regulations of 2015 shall, subject to paragraph (3) and Regulation 22, apply to a United Kingdom national or a family member of a United Kingdom national where the family member is a Union citizen or a United Kingdom national as it applies to a Union citizen to whom that Regulation applies.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(2) A permanent residence document shall be valid for a period of 10 years and shall be renewable on application to the Minister, which application shall be made before the expiration of the permanent residence document.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(3) For the purposes of this Regulation &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) a reference in Regulation 14 of the Regulations of 2015 to a permanent residence certificate shall be construed as a reference to a permanent residence document,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) a reference in Regulation 14(2) of the Regulations of 2015 to Schedule 5 to the Regulations of 2015 shall-<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(i) where the applicant is a United Kingdom national, be construed as a reference to Schedule 6, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(ii) where the applicant is a family member of a United Kingdom national and the applicant is a Union citizen or a United Kingdom national, be construed as a reference to Schedule 7,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(c) a reference in Regulation 14(3) of the Regulations of 2015 to Schedule 6 to the Regulations of 2015 shall be construed as a reference to Schedule 8, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(d) a reference in Regulation 14(8)(a) of the Regulations of 2015 to a period exceeding 2 consecutive years shall be construed as a reference to a period exceeding 5 consecutive years.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Issue of permanent residence document to family member who is neither Union citizen nor United Kingdom national<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>12. (1) Where a person is a family member of a United Kingdom national and the person is neither a Union citizen nor a United Kingdom national, Regulation 15 of the Regulations of 2015 shall, subject to paragraph (2) and Regulation 22, apply to the person as it applies to a family member to whom that Regulation applies.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(2) For the purposes of this Regulation &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) a reference in Regulation 15 of the Regulations of 2015 to a permanent residence card shall be construed as a reference to a permanent residence document,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) a reference in Regulation 15(2) of the Regulations of 2015 to Schedule 7 to the Regulations of 2015 shall be construed as a reference to Schedule 9,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(c) a reference in Regulation 15(3) of the Regulations of 2015 to Schedule 8 to the Regulations of 2015 shall be construed as a reference to Schedule 10, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(d) a reference in Regulation 15(9)(a) of the Regulations of 2015 to a period exceeding 2 consecutive years shall be construed as a reference to a period exceeding 5 consecutive years.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Production of evidence<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>13. Where the Minister has reason to suspect that a person who claims to be residing in the State in accordance with Regulation 5, 6, 7 or 10 has failed or is failing to comply with the Regulation concerned, he or she may require evidence that the person satisfies the requirements of these Regulations.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Entitlements and matters of equal treatment<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>14. (1) Subject to paragraph (2), a person who is residing in the State in accordance with these Regulations shall be entitled to the rights referred to in Regulation 17 of the Regulations of 2015.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(2) For the purposes of this Regulation &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) a reference in Regulation 17(2)(a) of the Regulations of 2015 &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(i) to a person to whom Regulation 6(1) of the Regulations of 2015 applies shall be construed as a reference to-<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(I) a United Kingdom national to whom Regulations 6(1)(a)(i) and (1)(b) of the Regulations of 2015 apply in accordance with Regulation 5,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(II) a family member to whom Regulation 6 applies and to whom Regulations 6(1)(a)(i) and (1)(b) of the Regulations of 2015 apply in accordance with Regulation 6, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(III) a family member to whom Regulation 7 applies and to whom Regulations 6(1)(a)(ii) and (1)(b) of the Regulations of 2015 apply in accordance with Regulation 7,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(ii) to a person to whom Regulation 6(2) of the Regulations of 2015 applies shall be construed as a reference to-<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(I) a United Kingdom national to whom Regulation 6(2) of the Regulations of 2015 applies in accordance with Regulation 5,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(II) a family member to whom Regulation 6 applies and to whom Regulation 6(2) of the Regulations of 2015 applies in accordance with Regulation 6, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(III) a family member to whom Regulation 7 applies and to whom Regulation 6(2) of the Regulations of 2015 applies in accordance with Regulation 7,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) the application of the reference in Regulation 17(4) of the Regulations of 2015 to a person to whom Regulation 6(3)(a)(i) applies or is deemed to apply under Regulation 6(3)(c) to a Union citizen to whom Regulation 3(1)(a) of the Regulations of 2015 applies, shall be construed as applying to a United Kingdom national and his or her family members who are United Kingdom nationals or Union citizens, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(c) Regulation 17(5) of the Regulations of 2015 shall not apply.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Restrictions on right of free movement and residence on grounds of public policy, public security or public health<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>15. Where a person is a family member of a United Kingdom national and the person is &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) a Union citizen and not a United Kingdom national, or<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) neither a Union citizen nor a United Kingdom national,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Regulations 18 and 19 of the Regulations of 2015 shall apply to the person as they apply to a person in respect of whom the Minister may under paragraph (1) of that Regulation 18 or 19, as the case may be, issue a notice.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Removal orders<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>16. (1) Where a person is a family member of a United Kingdom national and the person is a Union citizen and is not a United Kingdom national, Regulations 20 to 22 of the Regulations of 2015 shall apply to the person as they apply to a person in respect of whom the Minister may under paragraph (1) of that Regulation 20 make a removal order (within the meaning of the Regulations of 2015).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(2) Where a person is a family member of a United Kingdom national and the person is neither a Union citizen nor a United Kingdom national, Regulations 20 to 22 of the Regulations of 2015 shall apply to the person as they apply to a person in respect of whom the Minister may under paragraph (1) of that Regulation 20 make a removal order (within the meaning of the Regulations of 2015).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(3) For the purposes of paragraph (2), Regulations 20(4) and (6) of the Regulations of 2015 shall not apply to the family member concerned.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(4) For the purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2), a reference in Regulation 21(8) of the Regulations of 2015 to Schedule 10 to the Regulations of 2015 shall be construed as a reference to Schedule 11.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Exclusion orders<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>17. (1) Where a person is a family member of a United Kingdom national and the person is a Union citizen and is not a United Kingdom national, Regulation 23 of the Regulations of 2015 shall apply to the person as it applies to a person in respect of whom the Minister may under paragraph (1) of that Regulation 23 make an exclusion order (within the meaning of the Regulations of 2015).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(2) Where a person is a family member of a United Kingdom national and the person is neither a Union citizen nor a United Kingdom national, Regulation 23 of the Regulations of 2015 shall apply to the person as it applies to a person in respect of whom the Minister may under paragraph (1) of that Regulation 23 make an exclusion order (within the meaning of the Regulations of 2015).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(3) For the purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2), a reference in Regulation 23(13) of the Regulations of 2015 to Schedule 12 to the Regulations of 2015 shall be construed as a reference to Schedule 12.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Notices etc.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>18. Regulation 24 of the Regulations of 2015 shall apply to notices, representations in writing or documents required or authorised by these Regulations to be sent or given to the Minister or a registration officer under these Regulations.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Review of decisions<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>19. Regulation 25 of the Regulations of 2015 shall, subject to Regulations 22, 23(32) and (33), apply to a United Kingdom national and his or her family member as it applies to persons to whom that Regulation applies.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Refusal, termination or withdrawal of rights<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>20. (1) Regulations 27 to 29 of the Regulations of 2015 shall, subject to paragraph (2) and Regulations 22 and 23(34), apply to United Kingdom nationals and their family members.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1) &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) a reference in Regulation 27(1) of the Regulations of 2015 &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(i) to a decision under Regulation 5(3) of the Regulations of 2015 that a person be treated as a permitted family member shall be construed as a reference to a decision under Regulation 3(4) that a person be treated as a permitted family member,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(ii) to a residence card shall be construed as a reference to a residence document, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(iii) to a permanent residence certificate or permanent residence card shall be construed as a reference to a permanent residence document,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) a reference in Regulation 28(6) or 29(6) of the Regulations of 2015 to the Council Directive shall be construed as a reference to Part 2 of the Withdrawal Agreement.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Offences<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>21. (1) A person shall be guilty of an offence under this Regulation if the person &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) fails to apply for a residence document in accordance with Regulation 7(1)(b) of the Regulations of 2015 as applied to the person by Regulation 9(2),<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) fails to surrender his or her residence document in accordance with Regulation 8(4) of the Regulations of 2015 as applied to the person by Regulation 9(2),<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(c) fails to comply with Regulation 11(2)(a)(i) of the Regulations of 2015 as applied to the person by Regulation 7(2),<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(d) fails to comply with Regulation 11(2)(a)(ii) of the Regulations of 2015 as applied to the person by Regulation 7(2),<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(e) fails to comply with Regulation 11(2)(b) of the Regulations of 2015 as applied to the person by Regulation 7(2),<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(f) fails to apply for a permanent residence document in accordance with Regulation 15(1) of the Regulations of 2015 as applied to the person by Regulation 12(1),<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(g) fails to surrender his or her permanent residence document in accordance with Regulation 15(10) of the Regulations of 2015 as applied to the person by Regulation 12(1),<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(h) fails to comply with Regulation 18(3) of the Regulations of 2015 as applied to the person by Regulation 15,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(i) fails to comply with Regulation 19(3) of the Regulations of 2015 as applied to the person by Regulation 15,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(j) fails to comply with a removal order or a notification under Regulation 21(4)(b) of the Regulations of 2015 as applied to the person by Regulation 16,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(k) fails to comply with an exclusion order (within the meaning of the Regulations of 2015) as applied to the person by Regulation 17,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(l) for the purposes of seeking an entitlement conferred by Part 2 of the Withdrawal Agreement and these Regulations, gives or makes any statement, declaration or information which is to his or her knowledge false or misleading in a material particular,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(m) for the purpose of seeking an entitlement conferred by Part 2 of the Withdrawal Agreement and these Regulations, destroys or conceals documents with intent to deceive,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(n) forges, fraudulently alters, assists in forging or fraudulently altering or procures to be forged or fraudulently altered any document for reward where such documents are used or intended to be used in connection with seeking an entitlement conferred by Part 2 of the Withdrawal Agreement and these Regulations, or<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(o) sells or supplies, or has in his or her possession for the purpose of sale or supply, forged documents, where such documents are used or intended to be used in connection with seeking an entitlement conferred by Part 2 of the Withdrawal Agreement and these Regulations.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(2) A person who commits an offence under subparagraphs (a), (b), (c), (f) or (g) of paragraph (1) is liable on summary conviction to a class C fine or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months, or both.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(3) A person who is found guilty of an offence under subparagraph (d) or (e) of paragraph (1) is liable on summary conviction to a Class A fine or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(4) A person who is found guilty of an offence under subparagraph (h), (i), (j) or (k) of paragraph (1) is liable &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) on summary conviction to a Class A fine or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months, or both, or<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) on conviction on indictment, to a fine not exceeding \u20ac50,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years, or both.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(5) A person who is found guilty of an offence under subparagraph (l), (m), (n) or (o) of paragraph (1) is liable &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) on summary conviction to a Class A fine or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months, or both, or<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) on conviction on indictment, to a fine not exceeding \u20ac100,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 years, or both.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>Additional modification of Regulations of 2015<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>22. For the purposes of these Regulations, the Regulations of 2015 shall apply in relation to a person to whom these Regulations apply as they apply in relation to a person to whom those Regulations apply, subject to the modifications in Regulations 3(5), 4 to 7, 9 to 12 and 14 to 20 and, where the context so requires, the following modifications, namely &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) a reference in the Regulations of 2015 to a Union citizen shall be construed as a reference to a United Kingdom national,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) a reference in the Regulations of 2015 to a family member of a Union citizen shall be construed as a reference to a family member,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(c) a reference in the Regulations of 2015 to a family member who is a national of a Member State shall be construed as including a reference to a family member who is a United Kingdom national,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(d) a reference in the Regulations of 2015 to an entitlement to enter or reside or remain in the State in accordance with those Regulations shall be construed as a reference to an entitlement to enter or reside or remain in the State in accordance with Part 2 of the Withdrawal Agreement and these Regulations,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(e) a reference in the Regulations of 2015 to those Regulations shall be construed as a reference to these Regulations, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(f) any other necessary modifications.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Transitional<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>23. (1) Where, before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, a person to whom these Regulations apply was granted permission to enter the State as a qualifying family member (within the meaning of the Regulations of 2015) in accordance with Regulation 4 of the Regulations of 2015 and, immediately before that date, continues to reside in the State on the basis of the permission, that person shall be considered to be a qualifying family member.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(2) Where, before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, a person to whom these Regulations apply produced evidence in accordance with Regulation 5(2) of the Regulations of 2015 and, by that date, the Minister has not established under that Regulation whether the person concerned is a permitted family member &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) that Regulation shall continue to apply for the purpose of establishing whether the person is a permitted family member under the Regulations of 2015, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) where the person is established to be a permitted family member under Regulation 5(3) of the Regulations of 2015, he or she shall be deemed to be a permitted family member under these Regulations.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(3) Where, immediately before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, a person to whom these Regulations apply is residing in the State under Regulation 6(1) of the Regulations of 2015 and, by that date, the period referred to in that paragraph has not expired, that person shall be deemed to be residing in the State under Regulation 5, 6 or 7, as the case may be, and the period during which the person resided in the State under Regulation 6(1) of the Regulations of 2015 shall be reckonable in calculating the period referred to in Regulation 5, 6 or 7.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(4) Where, immediately before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, a person to whom Regulation 6(4) of the Regulations of 2015 applied was remaining in the State under Regulation 6(3) of those Regulations, the person shall be deemed to be a person with a right to reside under Regulation 6(2) or 7(2).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(5) Where, immediately before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, a person to whom these Regulations apply was permitted to remain in the State under Regulation 6(6) of the Regulations of 2015, that person shall be deemed to be a person whom the Minister has decided, in accordance with Regulation 7(2), may remain in the State.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(6) Where, before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, a person to whom these Regulations apply made an application in accordance with Regulation 7(1) of the Regulations of 2015 and, by that date, the application had not been determined by the Minister, that application shall be deemed to be an application made under Regulation 9 and these Regulations shall apply accordingly.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(7) A residence card issued under Regulation 7 of the Regulations of 2015 to a person to whom these Regulations apply which, immediately before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, remains valid, shall, for the remaining period of its validity, be deemed to be a residence document issued under these Regulations and these Regulations shall apply accordingly.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(8) Where, before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, the Minister issued a notification under Regulation 8(3)(a) of the Regulations of 2015 to a person to whom these Regulations apply &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) that notification shall be deemed to be a notification under Regulation 9(2) and these Regulations shall apply accordingly,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) representations made by the person under Regulation 8(3)(a) of the Regulations of 2015 shall be deemed to be representations made in accordance with Regulation 9(2), and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(c) where the 15 working day period specified in the notification has not, by that date, expired, representations made by the person under Regulation 8(3)(a) of the Regulations of 2015 shall be deemed to be representations made within that period.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(9) A person to whom these Regulations apply who, immediately before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, has a right of residence under Regulation 9(1), (2) or (3), as the case may be, of the Regulations of 2015 shall-<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) where he or she is a person to whom Regulation 6 applies, be deemed to have a right of residence under that Regulation, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) where he or she is a person to whom Regulation 7 applies, be deemed to have a right of residence under that Regulation, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>these Regulations shall apply accordingly.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(10) A person to whom these Regulations apply who, immediately before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, has a right of residence under Regulation 10(1) of the Regulations of 2015 shall be deemed to have a right of residence under Regulation 6 and these Regulations shall apply accordingly.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(11) A person to whom these Regulations apply who, immediately before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, has a right of residence under Regulation 10(2) of the Regulations of 2015 shall be deemed to have a right of residence under Regulation 7 and these Regulations shall apply accordingly.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(12) A person to whom these Regulations apply who, immediately before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, has a right to remain permanently in the State by virtue of Regulation 12(1)(a) of the Regulations of 2015, shall be deemed to be a person to whom Regulation 10(1) or (2) applies and these Regulations shall apply accordingly.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(13) A person to whom these Regulations apply who, immediately before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, has a right to remain permanently in the State by virtue of Regulation 12(1)(b) or 12(4) of the Regulations of 2015, shall be deemed to be a person to whom Regulation 10(3) applies and these Regulations shall apply accordingly.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(14) Where, immediately before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, a person to whom these Regulations apply is residing in the State in conformity with the Regulations of 2015, and by that date the period referred to in Regulation 12(1)(a) or (b), as the case may be, of those Regulations has not expired, the period during which the person resided in the State in conformity with the Regulations of 2015 shall be reckonable in calculating the period for entitlement to permanent residence under Regulation 10.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(15) A person to whom these Regulations apply who, immediately before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, has a right to remain permanently in the State by virtue of Regulation 13(1) of the Regulations of 2015, shall be deemed to be a person to whom Regulation 10(1) or (2), as the case may be, applies and these Regulations shall apply accordingly.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(16) A person to whom these Regulations apply who, immediately before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, has a right to remain permanently in the State by virtue of Regulation 13(3) of the Regulations of 2015, shall be deemed to be a person to whom Regulation 10(1) or (2), as the case may be, applies and these Regulations shall apply accordingly.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(17) A person to whom these Regulations apply who, immediately before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, has a right to remain permanently in the State by virtue of Regulation 13(6) or (7) of the Regulations of 2015 shall be deemed to be a person to whom Regulation 10(3) applies and these Regulations shall apply accordingly.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(18) Where paragraph (15), (16) or (17) applies and immediately before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, a person referred to in those paragraphs is residing in the State in accordance with Regulation 13(1), (3), (6) or (7), as the case may be, of the Regulations of 2015 (in this paragraph referred to as the \u201crelevant Regulations of 2015\u201d), and by that date the period referred to in the relevant Regulations of 2015, has not expired, the period during which the person resided in the State in conformity with the relevant Regulations of 2015 shall be reckonable in calculating the period referred to in Regulation 10(1), (2) or (3).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(19) Where, before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, a person to whom these Regulations apply made an application under Regulation 14(1) of the Regulations of 2015 and, by that date, the application had not been determined by the Minister, that application shall be deemed to be an application under Regulation 11 and these Regulations shall apply accordingly.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(20) Where, before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, the Minister issued a notification under Regulation 15(5) of the Regulations of 2015 to a person to whom these Regulations apply &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) that notification shall be deemed to be a notification under Regulation 12 and these Regulations shall apply accordingly,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) representations made by the person under Regulation 15(5)(c) of the Regulations of 2015 shall be deemed to be representations made in accordance with Regulation 12, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(c) where the 15 working day period specified in the notification has not, by that date, expired, representations made by the person under Regulation 15(5)(c) of the Regulations of 2015 shall be deemed to be representations made within that period.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(21) Where, before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, a person to whom these Regulations apply made an application under Regulation 15(1) of the Regulations of 2015 and, by that date, the application had not been determined by the Minister, that application shall be deemed to be an application under Regulation 12 and these Regulations shall apply accordingly.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(22) A permanent residence certificate issued under Regulation 14(3) of the Regulations of 2015 to a person to whom these Regulations apply which, immediately before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, remains valid, shall, for the remaining period of its validity, be deemed to be a permanent residence document issued under Regulation 11 and these Regulations shall apply accordingly.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(23) A permanent residence card issued under Regulation 15(3) of the Regulations of 2015 to a person to whom these Regulations apply which, immediately before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, remains valid, shall, for the remaining period of its validity, be deemed to be a permanent residence document issued under Regulation 12 and these Regulations shall apply accordingly.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(24) Where, before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, the Minister issued a notice under Regulation 18(2) or 19(2) of the Regulations of 2015 to a person to whom these Regulations apply, that notice shall be deemed to be a notice issued under Regulation 15 and these Regulations shall apply accordingly.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(25) Where, before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, the Minister made an order under Regulation 20(1) of the Regulations of 2015 in respect of a person to whom these Regulations apply, that order shall be deemed to be a removal order under Regulation 16 and these Regulations shall apply accordingly.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(26) Where, before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, the Minister issued a notification under Regulation 20(8)(c) of the Regulations of 2015 to a person to whom these Regulations apply &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) that notification shall be deemed to be a notification under Regulation 16 and these Regulations shall apply accordingly,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) representations made by the person under Regulation 20(8) of the Regulations of 2015 shall be deemed to be representations made in accordance with Regulation 16, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(c) where the 15 working day period specified in the notification has not, by that date, expired, representations made by the person under Regulation 20(8) of the Regulations of 2015 shall be deemed to be representations made within that period.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(27) Where before the date on which these Regulations come into operation the Minister has notified a person to whom these Regulations apply in accordance with Regulation 21(1) of the Regulations of 2015 &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) the notice concerned shall be deemed to be a notification under Regulation 16 and these Regulations shall apply accordingly,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) representations made by the person under Regulation 21(2)(b) of the Regulations of 2015 shall be deemed to be representations made in accordance with Regulation 16, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(c) where the 15 working day period specified in the notification has not, by that date, expired, representations made by the person under Regulation 21(2)(b) of the Regulations of 2015 shall be deemed to be representations made within that period.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(28) Where, immediately before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, a person to whom these Regulations apply was detained in a place of detention pursuant to Regulation 22(1) of the Regulations of 2015, then his or her continued detention in that place is authorised by Regulation 16 and these Regulations shall apply accordingly, and any period of detention under the Regulations of 2015 shall be included in reckoning a period for the purposes of these Regulations.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(29) Where, before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, the Minister made an order under Regulation 23(1) of the Regulations of 2015 in respect of a person to whom these Regulations apply, that order shall be deemed to be an exclusion order under Regulation 17 and these Regulations shall apply accordingly.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(30) Where before the date on which these Regulations come into operation the Minister has notified a person to whom these Regulations apply in accordance with Regulation 23(3) of the Regulations of 2015 &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) the notification concerned shall be deemed to be a notification under Regulation 17 and these Regulations shall apply accordingly,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) representations made by the person under Regulation 23(4)(b) of the Regulations of 2015 shall be deemed to be representations made in accordance with Regulation 17, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(c) where the 15 working day period specified in the notification has not, by that date, expired, representations made by the person under Regulation 23(4)(b) of the Regulations of 2015 shall be deemed to be representations made within that period.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(31) Where before the date on which these Regulations come into operation the Minister has notified a person to whom these Regulations apply in accordance with Regulation 23(10)(b) of the Regulations of 2015 &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) the notification concerned shall be deemed to be a notification under Regulation 17 and these Regulations shall apply accordingly,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) representations made by the person under Regulation 23(10)(b) of the Regulations of 2015 shall be deemed to be representations made in accordance with Regulation 17, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(c) where the 15 working day period specified in the notification has not, by that date, expired, representations made by the person under Regulation 23(10)(b) of the Regulations of 2015 shall be deemed to be representations made within that period.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(32) Where, before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, a person to whom these Regulations apply has sought a review under Regulation 25(1) of the Regulations of 2015 and, by that date, the review has not been determined, Regulation 25 of the Regulations of 2015 shall continue to apply for the purposes of the determination of the review.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(33) Where before the date on which these Regulations come into operation, a person to whom these Regulations apply has a right to apply for a review under Regulation 25(1) of the Regulations of 2015 and at that date the 15 working day period specified in Regulation 25(2) has not expired &#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) an application for review under Regulation 25 of the Regulations of 2015 shall be submitted to the Minister within such unexpired period, and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) Regulation 25 of the Regulations of 2015 shall continue to apply for the purposes of the determination of an application for review referred to in subparagraph (a).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(34) Where before the date on which these Regulations come into operation the Minister has given notice to a person to whom these Regulations apply in accordance with paragraph (3) of Regulation 27 of the Regulations of 2015 and, by that date, no decision has been taken by the Minister under paragraph (1) of that Regulation, Regulation 27 shall continue to apply.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>SCHEDULES<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>Regulation 8(2)(a) \u2013 particulars to be contained in application for residence document for United Kingdom nationals<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Applicant\u2019s particulars and relevant documentary evidence<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1. Name of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>2. Address of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>3. Date and place of birth of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>4. Nationality of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>5. Passport of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>6. Any other nationality of applicant and dates applicable\/dates held<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>7. Immigration Reference Number, if any<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>8. Documentary evidence certifying that he or she has resided in the State prior to the end of the transition period and continues to do so<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>9. Documentary evidence that he or she has satisfied one or more of the conditions referred to in Regulation 5<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>10. Photograph of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>SCHEDULE 2<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Regulation 8(2)(b) \u2013 particulars to be contained in application for residence document by family members of United Kingdom nationals who are United Kingdom nationals or Union citizens<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Applicant\u2019s particulars and relevant documentary evidence<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1. Name of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>2. Address of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>3. Date and place of birth of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>4. Nationality of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>5. Passport of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>6. Any other nationality of applicant and dates applicable\/dates held<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>7. Immigration Reference Number, if any<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>8. Where the applicant is a person a person to whom 3(1)(a)(i) or (ii) of these Regulations applies, documentary evidence certifying his or her relationship with the United Kingdom national<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>9. Declaration of any criminal record<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>10. Photograph of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Particulars of United Kingdom national of whom the applicant is a family member\/dependant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>11. Name of United Kingdom national<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>12. Address of United Kingdom national in the State<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>13. Date and place of birth of United Kingdom national<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>14. Nationality<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>15. Number, date and place of issue of United Kingdom national\u2019s passport<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>16. Any other nationality and dates applicable\/dates held<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>17. Date on which United Kingdom national first entered the State<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>18. Documentary evidence that the United Kingdom national satisfies one or more of the conditions referred to in Regulation 5<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>19. Declaration of any criminal record<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>20. Photograph of United Kingdom national<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>SCHEDULE 3<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Regulation 8(4)(a) \u2013 particulars to be contained in residence document for United Kingdom nationals or family members of United Kingdom nationals who are United Kingdom nationals or Union citizens<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>The residence document shall contain the following particulars\u2014<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1. Name of person<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>2. Nationality of person<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>3. Date of birth<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>4. Date of issue of document<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>5. Date of expiry of document<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>6. Unique number<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>7. Record in electronic form of biometric data of the person to whom it is given<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>8. Statement that the document is \u201cIssued under Article 18(4) of the Withdrawal Agreement\u201d and is the property of the Minister for Justice<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>9. Photograph of person<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>SCHEDULE 4<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Regulation 9(4)(c) \u2013 particulars to be contained in application for residence document by family members who are neither Union citizens nor United Kingdom nationals<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Applicant\u2019s particulars and relevant documentary evidence<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1. Name of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>2. Address of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>3. Date and place of birth of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>4. Nationality of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>5. Passport of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>6. Where the applicant is a person a person to whom 3(1)(a)(i) to (iii) of these Regulations applies, documentary evidence certifying his or her relationship with the United Kingdom national<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>7. Where the applicant is a person to whom Regulation 3(1)(a)(iv) of these Regulations applies, documentary evidence that his or her presence is required by the United Kingdom national in order not to deprive the United Kingdom national of a right of residence in the State<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>8. Where the applicant is a person to whom Regulation 3(2)(a) or (b) of these Regulations applies, documentary evidence from the relevant authority in the country from which he or she has come and\/or country of origin certifying that he or she is a dependant of the United Kingdom national or a member of the household of the United Kingdom national, or proof that on the basis of serious health grounds strictly he or she requires the personal care of the United Kingdom national<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>9. Where the applicant is a person to whom Regulation 3(2)(c) of these Regulations applies, documentary evidence that he or she is the partner with whom the United Kingdom national has a durable relationship, duly attested.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>10. Declaration of any criminal record<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>11. Photograph of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Particulars of United Kingdom national of whom the applicant is a family member\/dependant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>12. Name of United Kingdom national<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>13. Address of United Kingdom national in the State<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>14. Date and place of birth of United Kingdom national<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>15. Nationality<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>16. Number, date and place of issue of United Kingdom national\u2019s passport<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>17. Any other nationality and dates applicable\/dates held<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>18. Date on which United Kingdom national first entered the State<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>19. Documentary evidence that the United Kingdom national satisfies one or more of the conditions referred to in Regulation 5<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>20. Declaration of any criminal record<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>21. Photograph of United Kingdom national<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>SCHEDULE 5<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Regulation 9(4)(d) \u2013 particulars to be contained in residence document for family members of United Kingdom nationals who are neither Union citizens nor United Kingdom nationals<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>The residence document shall contain the following particulars-<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1. Name of person<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>2. Nationality of person<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>3. Date of birth<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>4. Date of issue of document<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>5. Date of expiry of document<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>6. Unique number<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>7. Record in electronic form of biometric data of the person to whom it is given<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>8. Statement that the document is \u201cIssued under Article 18(4) of the Withdrawal Agreement\u201d and is the property of the Minister for Justice<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>9. Photograph of person<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>SCHEDULE 6<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Regulation 11(3)(b)(i) \u2013 particulars to be contained in application for permanent residence document by United Kingdom nationals<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Applicant\u2019s particulars<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1. Name of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>2. Address of applicant in the State<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>3. Date and place of birth of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>4. Nationality of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>5. Passport of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>6. Any other nationality of applicant and dates applicable\/dates held<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>7. Duration of residence of applicant in the State<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>8. Occupation of applicant in the State<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>9. Duration of employment in the State<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>10. If no longer in employment\/self-employment, state reason (e.g. retired, incapacitated, occupational illness, other)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>11. Immigration Reference Number, if any, and PPS number<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>12. Declaration of any criminal record<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>13. Documentary evidence that the United Kingdom national has satisfied one or more of the conditions referred to in Regulation 5 during that United Kingdom national\u2019s residence in the State<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>14. Where the United Kingdom national has not resided in the State for a continuous period of 5 years, evidence that the United Kingdom national satisfies the requirements of Regulation 10.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>15. Photograph of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>SCHEDULE 7<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Regulation 11(3)(b)(ii) \u2013 particulars to be contained in application for permanent residence document by family members of United Kingdom nationals who are United Kingdom nationals or Union citizens<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Applicant\u2019s details<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1. Name of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>2. Address of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>3. Date and place of birth of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>4. Nationality of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>5. Passport of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>6. Occupation, if any, of applicant (copy of employment permit, if applicable)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>7. Immigration reference number (if any) and PPS number of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>8. Declaration of any criminal record<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>9. Immigration history in the State<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>10. Documentary evidence of continuous residence in the State for a continuous period of 5 years<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>11. Photograph of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Particulars of United Kingdom national of whom the applicant is a family member or dependant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>12. Name of United Kingdom national<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>13. Address of United Kingdom national in the State<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>14. Date and place of birth of United Kingdom national<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>15. Nationality<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>16. Number, date and place of issue of United Kingdom national\u2019s passport<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>17. Any other nationality and dates applicable\/dates held<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>18. Occupation of United Kingdom national in the State<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>19. Immigration Reference Number, if any, PPS number of United Kingdom national<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>20. Details of relationship between applicant and United Kingdom national<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>21. Declaration of any criminal record<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>22. Documentary evidence that the United Kingdom national has satisfied one or more of the conditions referred to in Regulation 5 during his or her residence in the State<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>23. Where the United Kingdom national has not resided in the State for a continuous period of 5 years, evidence that he or she satisfies the requirements of Regulation 10.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>24. Photograph of United Kingdom national<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>SCHEDULE 8<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Regulation 11(3)(c) \u2013 form of permanent residence document for United Kingdom nationals or family members of United Kingdom nationals who are United Kingdom nationals or Union citizens<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>The permanent residence document shall contain the following particulars-<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1. Name of person<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>2. Nationality of person<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>3. Date of birth<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>4. Date of issue of document<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>5. Date of expiry of document<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>6. Unique number<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>7. Record in electronic form of biometric data of the person to whom it is given<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>8. Statement that the document is \u201cIssued under Article 18(4) of the Withdrawal Agreement\u201d and is the property of the Minister for Justice<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>9. Photograph of person<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>SCHEDULE 9<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Regulation 12(2)(b) \u2013 particulars to be contained in application for permanent residence document by family members of United Kingdom nationals who are neither Union citizens nor United Kingdom nationals<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Applicant\u2019s details<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1. Name of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>2. Address of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>3. Date and place of birth of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>4. Nationality of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>5. Passport of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>6. Occupation, if any, of applicant (copy of employment permit, if applicable)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>7. Immigration reference number (if any) and PPS number of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>8. Declaration of any criminal record<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>9. Immigration history in the State<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>10. Documentary evidence of continuous residence in the State for a continuous period of 5 years<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>11. Photograph of applicant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Particulars of United Kingdom national of whom the applicant is a family member or dependant<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>12. Name of United Kingdom national<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>13. Address of United Kingdom national in the State<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>14. Date and place of birth of United Kingdom national<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>15. Nationality<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>16. Number, date and place of issue of United Kingdom national\u2019s passport<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>17. Any other nationality and dates applicable\/dates held<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>18. Occupation of United Kingdom national in the State<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>19. Immigration Reference Number, if any, PPS number of United Kingdom national<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>20. Details of relationship between applicant and United Kingdom national<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>21. Declaration of any criminal record<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>22. Documentary evidence that the United Kingdom national has satisfied one or more of the conditions referred to in Regulation 5 during his or her residence in the State<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>23. Where the United Kingdom national has not resided in the State for a continuous period of 5 years, evidence that he or she satisfies the requirements of Regulation 10.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>24. Photograph of United Kingdom national<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>SCHEDULE 10<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Regulation 12(2)(c) \u2013 particulars to be contained in permanent residence document for family members of United Kingdom nationals who are neither Union citizens nor United Kingdom nationals<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>The permanent residence document shall contain the following particulars-<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1. Name of person<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>2. Nationality of person<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>3. Date of birth<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>4. Date of issue of document<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>5. Date of expiry of document<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>6. Unique number<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>7. Record in electronic form of biometric data of the person to whom it is given<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>8. Statement that the document is \u201cIssued under Article 18(4) of the Withdrawal Agreement\u201d and is the property of the Minister for Justice<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>9. Photograph of person<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>SCHEDULE 11<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Regulation 16 \u2013 Form of removal order<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) (Citizens\u2019 Rights) Regulations 2020<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>To: [name and address of person]<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>WHEREAS it is provided by Regulation 16 of the European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) (Citizens\u2019 Rights) Regulations 2020 that, subject to those Regulations, the Minister for Justice may by order require a person to whom the Regulations apply to leave the State within the time specified in the order;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>AND WHEREAS you are a person in respect of whom a removal order may be made under the said Regulation 16;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>NOW I, on behalf of the Minister for Justice, in exercise of the powers conferred by the said Regulation 16, hereby require you to leave the State within the period ending on the .<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>[Signature of officer of Minister]<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>[Name and rank of officer of Minister]<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>On behalf of the Minister for Justice<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>[date of signature]<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>SCHEDULE 12<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Regulation 17(3) \u2013 Form of exclusion order<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) (Citizens\u2019 Rights) Regulations 2020<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>To: [name and address of person]<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>WHEREAS it is provided by Regulation 17 of the European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) (Citizens\u2019 Rights) Regulations 2020 that, subject to those Regulations, the Minister for Justice may by order require a person to whom the Regulations apply not to enter the State for the period specified in the order;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>AND WHEREAS you are a person in respect of whom an exclusion order may be made under the said Regulation 17;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>NOW I, on behalf of the Minister for Justice, in exercise of the powers conferred by the said Regulation 17, hereby impose an exclusion period on you whereby you shall not re-enter or seek to re-enter the State up to .<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>[Signature of officer of Minister]<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>[Name and rank of officer of Minister]<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>On behalf of the Minister for Justice<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>[date of signature]<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\/images\/ls<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>GIVEN under my Official Seal,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>31 December, 2020.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>HELEN MCENTEE,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Minister for Justice.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em>EXPLANATORY NOTE<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><em>(This note is not part of the instrument and does not purport to be a legal interpretation.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>These Regulations give effect to the provisions on residence and residence documents in Part Two (Citizens\u2019 Rights) of the Agreement on the Withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>The Regulations make provision for the application, as appropriate, of the European Communities (Free Movement of Persons) Regulations 2015 ( S.I. No. 548 of 2015 ) to United Kingdom nationals and their family members to whom Part Two of the Withdrawal Agreement applies, and make provision for the issue of residence documents and permanent residence documents to such persons.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1 OJ No. CI 384, 12.11.2019, p.1<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>2 OJ No. L 29, 31.1.2020, p.1<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1 OJ No. CI 384, 12.11.2019, p.1<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-24037\" data-postid=\"24037\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-24037 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n    <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Background The Common Travel Area reflects the fact that many Republic of Ireland citizens have the deepest family and personal ties with the United Kingdom and that many persons in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland have a common Irish and United Kingdom heritage. The CTA reinforces and supports the fact that the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[357],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24037"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24037"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24037\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32838,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24037\/revisions\/32838"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24037"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24037"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24037"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}