{"id":292,"date":"2021-04-05T21:37:38","date_gmt":"2021-04-05T21:37:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/legalblog.ie\/?p=292"},"modified":"2022-08-27T18:38:32","modified_gmt":"2022-08-27T18:38:32","slug":"irish-free-state-constitution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/irish-free-state-constitution\/","title":{"rendered":"Free State Constitution"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_63 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/irish-free-state-constitution\/#Overview\" title=\"Overview\">Overview<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/irish-free-state-constitution\/#Legislature\" title=\"Legislature\">Legislature<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/irish-free-state-constitution\/#Dail\" title=\"Dail\">Dail<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/irish-free-state-constitution\/#Senate\" title=\"Senate\">Senate<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/irish-free-state-constitution\/#Powers_of_Oireachtas\" title=\"Powers of Oireachtas\">Powers of Oireachtas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/irish-free-state-constitution\/#Executive\" title=\"Executive\">Executive<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/irish-free-state-constitution\/#Extern_Ministers\" title=\"Extern Ministers\">Extern Ministers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/irish-free-state-constitution\/#Referendum\" title=\"Referendum\">Referendum<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/irish-free-state-constitution\/#Extern_Ministers-2\" title=\"Extern Ministers\">Extern Ministers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/irish-free-state-constitution\/#Role_of_the_Crown\" title=\"Role of the Crown\">Role of the Crown<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/irish-free-state-constitution\/#The_Governor_General\" title=\"The Governor General\">The Governor General<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/irish-free-state-constitution\/#Courts\" title=\"Courts\">Courts<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overview\"><\/span>Overview<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Irish Free State Constitution followed the examples of many international constitution in providing for a declaration of personal constitutional rights.\u00a0 This included the following<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>liberty of the person inviolable<\/li>\n<li>person may not be detained or imprisoned except in accordance with law<\/li>\n<li>dwellinghouse inviolable<\/li>\n<li>freedom of conscience and free profession or religion subject to public order and morality<\/li>\n<li>free expression of opinion<\/li>\n<li>right to assembly,<\/li>\n<li>no legal distinction between classes or churches.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Article 10 declared that all citizens of the Irish Free State have a right to free elementary education.<\/p>\n<p>The State was declared to be a coequal member of the community of nations forming the British Commonwealth of Nations.\u00a0 It declared the sovereignty of the people providing that all powers of government, all authority, legislative, executive and judicial in Ireland are derived from the people of Ireland and the same are exercised in the Irish Free State through the organisations established under and in accordance with the Constitution.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legislature\"><\/span>Legislature<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Irish Free State legislature comprised two houses; the Dail and Senate. There was provision for direct initiation of legislation by the people.\u00a0 This possibility was not implemented in practice.<\/p>\n<p>The Constitution provided for the separation of the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government.\u00a0 The High Court and the Supreme Court on appeal had original (direct) jurisdiction in all matters.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dail\"><\/span>Dail<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Lower house was D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann based on direct suffrage of persons over 21 years.\u00a0 Elections were by proportional representation with a single transferable vote.\u00a0 The D\u00e1il term was six years subject to the earlier power of dissolution by the governor general.<\/p>\n<p>The D\u00e1il was composed of 153 deputies elected by universal suffrage.\u00a0 This was reduced to 136 in 1934.\u00a0 The term of the D\u00e1il was increased from four to six years.<\/p>\n<p>The IFS Constitution provided for a legislative power of initiative through referendum.\u00a0 This was abolished by the tenth amendment.\u00a0 The Oireachtas became exclusive lawmaker.\u00a0 The Oireachtas comprised the two houses, D\u00e1il and Seanad \u00c9ireann and the Crown.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Senate\"><\/span>Senate<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Senate (Seanad) had considerably less powers than the D\u00e1il particularly in financial matters<\/p>\n<p>The first Senate was comprised of 30 members nominated by the President of the Executive Council and 30 elected \u00a0by the D\u00e1il.<\/p>\n<p>The Senate (Seanad) with 60 members, was originally elected directly by citizens over 30 years.\u00a0 Later it was elected by the members of both houses. A senator was required to be 30 years.\u00a0 One quarter of the Senate retired every third year. An election was to be held to fill the 15 vacancies as would as vacancies caused by death and resignation.<\/p>\n<p>The D\u00e1il resolved that is was expedient that the President in nominating \u00a0members of the Senate should provide for representation of all groups not adequately represented in the Dail. Regard was to be had to the advice of certain professional bodies and the certain local authorities.<\/p>\n<p>Under the original form or Senate (Seanad) election, the country was a single constituency with election by PR.\u00a0 A panel was to be prepared comprising three times as many candidates as vacancies as well as senators seeking re-election. The lists were determined by D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann\u00a0 voting in accordance with PR, nominating twice as many qualified persons as they were to be elected, while the Senate on \u00a0the same principle nominated an equal number to be elected.<\/p>\n<p>The Constitution provided that the Seanad \u00c9ireann was to be composed of citizens who shall be proposed in the grounds that they have done honour to the nation \u00a0by reason of useful public service, because of special qualifications or attainments they represent important aspects of the nation\u2019s lifestyle.<\/p>\n<p>This\u00a0 mode of election under the Constitution was used only in 1925, when a quarter of Senators and four coopeted senators sought election.\u00a0 It was boycotted by Sinn Fein, voters generally exercised one preference only and were bewildered by the list of candidates.\u00a0 Apathy was as much a factor as confusion; the turnout was less than 25%.<\/p>\n<p>The above \u00a0method was abolished by a series of amendments in 1928.\u00a0 Senators were to be elected by members of the D\u00e1il and Senate (Seanad) \u00a0voting together under proportional representation. \u00a0The panel was to have twice as many candidates as vacancies. Half were to be nominated by the D\u00e1il and Senate respectively.\u00a0 Elections were held in 1928 and 1931 for a quarter of the Senate. The panels were comprised of political nominee.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Powers_of_Oireachtas\"><\/span>Powers of Oireachtas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The sole and exclusive power of making laws was vested in the Oireachtas.\u00a0 The practical effect of the King in \u00a0parliament was theoretical and contrary to the spirit of most of the Constitution.<\/p>\n<p>The powers of the Oireachtas (parliament) \u00a0were limited by the Constitution.\u00a0 No discretionary power was left to the Crown or Governor General<\/p>\n<p>The Oireachtas had the exclusive power to regulate and maintain armed force.\u00a0 Save in the case of actual invasion, the Free State was not to be committed to active participation in a war without the consent of the Oireachtas.\u00a0 This was intended to prevent the State becoming involved in a war by reason of association with the Commonwealth.<\/p>\n<p>The \u00a0existence of three \u201ctreaty\u201d ports would have meant most likely that but for the amendments to Constitution in the 1930s, the economic war and the Anglo-Irish Agreement 1938, \u00a0Ireland would have de facto become involved in a war in the event that Britain became involved in a widespread war (as happened shortly afterwards).<\/p>\n<p>The Constitution \u00a0provided that the sole exclusive power of making laws for the peace order and good government of the Irish Free State was vested in the Oireachtas.\u00a0 This provision was directed against the supposed power of the Imperial Parliament to legislate for dominions.<\/p>\n<p>Ultimately the Statute of Westminster 1931 declared that that the parliament of a dominion has full power to make laws having extraterritorial operation.\u00a0 It provided further that no act of the Imperial Parliament shall extend to a dominion unless the \u00a0dominion has consented to the enactment.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Executive\"><\/span>Executive<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Crown was included in the Oireachtas as a formality.\u00a0 The Constitution provided that the Oireachtas would be summoned and dissolved by the representatives of the Crown in the name of the King.\u00a0 However, it provided that D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann should fix the date of reassembly and conclusion.<\/p>\n<p>The Crown\u2019s representative, the governor general, \u00a0had no role in relation to dissolution of the D\u00e1il.\u00a0 He must sign and signify the royal assent to any bill before it could have the force of law.\u00a0 However, he could not withhold that consent or reserve the bill for the King\u2019s pleasure.<\/p>\n<p>The executive power nominally\u00a0 resided with the Governor General but was exercised by the D\u00e1il ministry.\u00a0 The ministry(government) \u00a0was the Executive Council nominated by the President of the Council (prime minister) elected by the D\u00e1il.\u00a0 The Council was responsible to the D\u00e1il.<\/p>\n<p>An Executive Council which lost the support of the D\u00e1il was obliged to resign. The Executive Council is equivalent to the government under the current Constitution.\u00a0 The President of the Executive Council was equivalent to the Taoiseach.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to Ministers comprising the council, there was the possibility of extern ministers nominated by the D\u00e1il are not part of the Executive Council.\u00a0 This did not occur in practice, because of the \u00a0strength of the party system.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Extern_Ministers\"><\/span>Extern Ministers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Constitution \u00a0provided for so called extern ministers.\u00a0 The most important offices were to be parliamentary ministers.\u00a0 The extern ministers could be non-parliamentary minister.\u00a0 They would not be members of either House.\u00a0 The non-parliamentary ministers would possess the privileges of the members of the D\u00e1il.\u00a0 They would be entitled to speak.\u00a0 They would be required to attend the D\u00e1il to answer questions.\u00a0 They would hold office for the term of the D\u00e1il.<\/p>\n<p>The non-parliamentary Ministers unlike the other ministers nominated by the President of the Executive Council were to be nominated by a special committee of the D\u00e1il.\u00a0 The D\u00e1il was to nominate a minister to a particular ministry. Each nomination was to be separate.<\/p>\n<p>They were also to act collectively as an executive with the parliamentary ministers.\u00a0 They were to be individually responsible to the D\u00e1il for their ministry.\u00a0 During their term of office, a minister could not be removed unless a report is presented by a parliamentary committee declaring that he had been guilty of misfeasance, incompetence or unsatisfactory performance.<\/p>\n<p>The President nominated TDs \u00a0to the Executive Council.\u00a0 He could then submit a list of ministries whose heads would \u00a0not be \u00a0members.\u00a0 A committee elected by the D\u00e1il voting on PR was to elects the minister. The committee only could\u00a0 nominate members and \u00a0all extern ministers were nominees of the Executive Council and \u00a0were all members of the D\u00e1il.<\/p>\n<p>The appointment of external ministers was not mandatory. In the First D\u00e1il after the Constitution three extern ministers were appointed.\u00a0 Four were appointed in the following D\u00e1il. \u00a0None was chosen from outside the D\u00e1il; nor from the opposition despite the requirement to be impartially representative of D\u00e1il Eireann<\/p>\n<p>In the above circumstances the continued existence of extern ministers proved anomalous and the provisions were effectively abolished in 1927.\u00a0 The cabinet system along the lines of the United Kingdom effectively prevailed.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Referendum\"><\/span>Referendum<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Extern_Ministers-2\"><\/span>Extern Ministers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Constitution \u00a0provided for so called extern ministers.\u00a0 The most important offices were to be parliamentary ministers.\u00a0 The extern ministers could be non-parliamentary minister.\u00a0 They would not be members of either House.\u00a0 The non-parliamentary ministers would possess the privileges of the members of the D\u00e1il.\u00a0 They would be entitled to speak.\u00a0 They would be required to attend the D\u00e1il to answer questions.\u00a0 They would hold office for the term of the D\u00e1il.<\/p>\n<p>The non-parliamentary Ministers unlike the other ministers nominated by the President of the Executive Council were to be nominated by a special committee of the D\u00e1il.\u00a0 The D\u00e1il was to nominate a minister to a particular ministry. Each nomination was to be separate.<\/p>\n<p>They were also to act collectively as an executive with the parliamentary ministers.\u00a0 They were to be individually responsible to the D\u00e1il for their ministry.\u00a0 During their term of office, a minister could not be removed unless a report is presented by a parliamentary committee declaring that he had been guilty of misfeasance, incompetence or unsatisfactory performance.<\/p>\n<p>The President nominated TDs \u00a0to the Executive Council.\u00a0 He could then submit a list of ministries whose heads would \u00a0not be \u00a0members.\u00a0 A committee elected by the D\u00e1il voting on PR was to elects the minister. The committee only could\u00a0 nominate members and \u00a0all extern ministers were nominees of the Executive Council and \u00a0were all members of the D\u00e1il.<\/p>\n<p>The appointment of external ministers was not mandatory. In the First D\u00e1il after the Constitution three extern ministers were appointed.\u00a0 Four were appointed in the following D\u00e1il. \u00a0None was chosen from outside the D\u00e1il; nor from the opposition despite the requirement to be impartially representative of D\u00e1il Eireann<\/p>\n<p>In the above circumstances the continued existence of extern ministers proved anomalous and the provisions were effectively abolished in 1927.\u00a0 The cabinet system along the lines of the United Kingdom effectively prevailed.<\/p>\n<p>Under original Constitution, the Senate (Seanad) had the right to demand a referendum on a legislative proposal.\u00a0 The bill might be suspended for up to 90 days by two fifth of the members of the D\u00e1il and a majority of the Senate.<\/p>\n<p>Such a demand had to be presented to the President of the Executive Council within seven days of passage of the bill.\u00a0 The bill could then be presented to referendum if demanded before \u00a0the expiration of 90 days either from resolution of the Senate assented by three fifth of its members, \u00a0or on a petition signed by one twentieth of the voters.\u00a0 This power did not apply to money bills or urgent bills. The power was never invoked by the Senate and was deleted by the tenth amendment.<\/p>\n<p>The Constitution provided for amendment only by referendum \/ vote of the people after an eight-year transitional period. An amendment would not be deemed to have been passed unless at least a majority of registered voters participated in the referendum and the votes in favour were equal to either: a majority\u00a0of all eligible voters, or a two-thirds majority of\u00a0votes cast.<\/p>\n<p>However, eight-year period during which amendments of the constitution could be made by ordinary legislation from was extended from eight to sixteen years (to 1938). Therefore, for its whole existence it could be amended by ordinary legislation<\/p>\n<p>The Constitution provided that the Oireachtas might provide for by implementing legislation a process for the initiation of laws or constitutional amendment. If the Oireachtas t did not do implement the initiative within two years, the proposal might proceed through a popular initiative.\u00a0 The Constitution provided that the proposals might be initiated on a petition of 50,000 voters and if the legislator rejects the proposal, it would be submitted for referendum.<\/p>\n<p>If the mechanism was not implemented, then on a petition of not less than 75,000 voters, not more than 15,000 to be within a single constituency, the Oireachtas was required to make provision and submit the questions to\u00a0 decision by referendum.\u00a0 The Oireachtas did not adopt the implementing within the two years stipulated by the constitution. A petition of 96,000 signature was gathered to trigger a referendum. The Oireachtas responded by removing the \u00a0provisions from the Constitution in 1928.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_of_the_Crown\"><\/span>Role of the Crown<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Fianna Fail attempted to commence an initiative to abolish the oath to the Crown.\u00a0 A petition was presented to the D\u00e1il in 1928.\u00a0 Because of the lack of standing orders dealing with the provision, \u00a0consideration of the petition was postponed.\u00a0 The government in the meantime deleted the provisions of the Constitution.<\/p>\n<p>The Irish Free State Constitution provided formally for a constitutional monarchy.\u00a0 In substance, it was much\u00a0 closer to a republican model. The Governor General was to be appointed in the light manner as the Governor General of Canada.\u00a0 The government of the Irish Free Sate was to be consulted in relation to the candidate, before being recommended for appointment by the King. The\u00a0 initiative and selection remained with the Cabinet in Britain.<\/p>\n<p>The \u00a0Imperial Conference in 1926 declared that the Governor General of dominion was representative of the Crown, but not the representative of the British Government.<\/p>\n<p>The Imperial Conference in 1930 modified the practice in relation to appointments of governors general.\u00a0 It was provided that the King was to act on the advice of the ministers in the relevant dominion.\u00a0 The British cabinet was no longer involved, and the dominion cabinet communicated directly with the King. The first two governors general were distinguished national figures in Ireland.\u00a0 The third Governor General appointed on the nomination of Fianna Fail was deliberately a low-key appointment.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Governor_General\"><\/span>The Governor General<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Governor General appointed the Executive Council to aid and advice in the government of the Irish Free State.\u00a0 The Governor General had no discretion in the appointment. The Executive Council was the government.<\/p>\n<p>A very few statutes gave non-discretionary functions to the governor general.\u00a0 In each case the Governor General acted on the advice of the Executive Council.<\/p>\n<p>The dominion practice of allowing the Governor General discretion to refuse a dissolution of parliament was not permitted to the governor general. A governor could not refuse a dissolution to a President of the Executive Council who retained the support of the majority in D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann.\u00a0 A defeated President may not advice a dissolution.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Courts\"><\/span>Courts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Constitution provided that the courts were to comprise courts of first instance and a court of final appeal called the Supreme Court.\u00a0 Judges of the High Court and Supreme Court were to be barristers of 12 years\u2019 standing.<\/p>\n<p>The Courts of First Instance were to include a High Court with full original jurisdiction.\u00a0 There were also to be courts of local and limited jurisdiction.<\/p>\n<p>All questions regard to the validity of the law under the Constitution was to be within the jurisdiction of the High Court.\u00a0 The Supreme Court was a court of appeal.\u00a0 It was to be the final court in respect of issues of constitutionality.<\/p>\n<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-292\" data-postid=\"292\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-292 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n    <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview The Irish Free State Constitution followed the examples of many international constitution in providing for a declaration of personal constitutional rights.\u00a0 This included the following liberty of the person inviolable person may not be detained or imprisoned except in accordance with law dwellinghouse inviolable freedom of conscience and free profession or religion subject to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/292"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=292"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/292\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13208,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/292\/revisions\/13208"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=292"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=292"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalblog.ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=292"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}